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Hebrew > Week 2 Quiz material (Futato Ch 21,24) Participles, Volitives > Flashcards

Week 2 Quiz material (Futato Ch 21,24) Participles, Volitives Flashcards

1
Q

What are Hebrew participles, and how can they function?

A
  • verbal adjectives
  • active ptc are often translated using “ing” to indicate an ongoing/continuous activity
  • non-finite verbs - marked for gender and number, but NOT for person
  • function attributively, predicatively, and substantively
  • can also take pronoun suffixes, which are usually the object of the verb
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2
Q

What is true of the first vowel of a participle?

A

It will be either holem or holem-vav.

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3
Q

When translating Hebrew participles, what do we need to keep in mind?

A
  • active ptc are often translated using “ing” to indicate an ongoing/continuous activity
  • they do not indicate a tense, so context decides whether past, present, or future
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4
Q

What afformatives are associated with participles in the MS, MP, FS, FP?

A
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5
Q

When does the FS ptc have the qamets-he afformative (instead of the segol-tav)?

A

When dealing with the FS of a III-He, Hollow, or passive ptc.

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6
Q

What is true of a participle used attributively?

A
  1. Participle will come after the noun in the sentence
  2. will agree with the noun in #, gender, and definiteness
  3. in translation to English could be
    * “[ptc]-ing [noun] - the ruling family
    * “[noun] that/who [ptc]” - the family who rules
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7
Q

What is true of a participle used predicatively?

A
  1. Participle can be before/after the noun in the sentence (usually follows the noun)
  2. will agree with the noun in #, gender, BUT NOT necessarily in definiteness - predicative participles NEVER take the definite article
  3. in translation to English, usually would be either
    * “[noun] [ptc] - the king asks
    * “[noun] is/are [ptc]-ing” - the king is asking
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8
Q

What is true of a participle used substantively?

A
  1. Participle is used as a noun
  2. the number, gender, and definiteness tell how to translate it as a noun, but there is NO NOUN immediately preceeding/following that the ptc agrees with
  3. in translation to English, usually would be either
    * “one(s) who [ptc] - the one who asks
    * “[ptc]-er” - the asker
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9
Q

How can we determine if a participle is attributive, predicative, or substantive?

A

Attributive: ptc **agrees in #, gender, and definiteness **with neighboring noun and follows that noun.
Predicative: ptc must agree in # & gender, but ptc is always indefinite; it usually follows the noun
Substantive: ptc is by itself (no noun before/after - it functions as a noun)
Context required: if the ptc is after a verb and indefinite

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10
Q

Parse and translate:

A

this is a definite Qal MS ptc
(of a III-He weak verb)

“the one who sees” or “the seer”

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11
Q

What are the strong Qal verb vowel pointings of participles
in the MS, FS, MP, FP?

A

tsere often shortens to a sheva when ending is added

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12
Q

What are the significant irregular cases for the Qal active participle?

A

III-He
Hollow verbs

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13
Q

What are the III-He differences from the strong verb participles?

A

MS has segol, not tsere
FS has qamets-he ending, not segol-tav
MP/FP both drop III-He before adding appropriate plural ending

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14
Q

How do hollow verbs vary from strong verbs in the Qal Active Participle?

A
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15
Q

When a hollow verb is in participle form, what steps have taken place?

A
  1. the II-Yod or II-Vav drops
  2. takes a qamets for the first vowel
  3. if FS, ending is qamets-he (NOT segol-tav)
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16
Q

What are other valuable things to remember when participles contain gutterals?

A
  1. Gutterals prefer composite shevas, so a II-Gut will have khatef-patakh, never a sheva
  2. Gutterals prefer to end in a-sounds; ex: a final ayin appearing with the furtive patakh
  3. Alef’s can quiesce (vowel disappears), causing the previous sheva to lengthen to tsere:
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17
Q

Translate:

A

about to
(when this particle is used with a participle)

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18
Q

How does Hebrew express an action will take place soon (immanent future)?

A

It uses the particle “hinney”

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19
Q

Translate the following:

A

I am about to walk

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20
Q

What is the use of an attributive participle with the definite article equivalent to?

A

the use of a pf or impf with the relative pronoun “asher” - אֲשֶׁר

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21
Q

Translate:

A

the king who is sitting
the sitting king

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22
Q

Translate:

A

the king is sitting

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23
Q

Translate:

A

the inhabitants of the city

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24
Q

Translate:

A

we are eating

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25
Q

Translate:

A

we are about to eat

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26
Q

Translate:

A

the slaves are building

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27
Q

Translate:

A

the slaves who are building

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28
Q

Translate:

A

the mother is weeping

29
Q

Translate:

A

the mother is going out

30
Q

Translate:

A

the judge of the wicked men

31
Q

Translate:

A

obey

32
Q

Translate:

A

I knew the men who were obeying the word of the Lord

33
Q

What are volitives?

What are the three volitives?

A

verb forms that express the will of the speaker
(what someone wants to happen)
They exist in all three persons:
1st-person - Cohortative “Let me/us listen!”
2nd-person - Imperative “Listen!”
3rd-person - Jussive “Let him/her/them listen!”

34
Q

How is the cohortative verb formed?

A

Formed by adding qamets-he afformative
to the imperfect form of a strong verb.

III-He weak verbs are identical to the imperfect:

35
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. I will write
  2. Let me write
    (#2 has the qamets-he ending on the impf, so it is cohortative)
36
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. We will write
  2. Let us write
    (#2 has the qamets-he ending on the impf, so it is cohortative)
37
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. you(ms) will trust
  2. Trust!
    (#2 has preformative removed from the impf, so it is imperative)

note that the impf had patakh as its theme vowel, so impv did too

38
Q

How is the imperative verb formed?

A

Formed by removing the preformative from the 2nd-person imperfect (and applying the “rule of sheva” with the FS & MP)

Notes:
* if the impf has patakh as theme vowel, so does the impv
* works both for strong and for most weak imperatives

39
Q

Translate:

A

Go!
Walk!

you(ms) form

root follows the I-Yod(vav) paradigm, behaving like yod-shin-vet

40
Q

Translate:

A

Give!

you(ms) form

root follows the I-Yod(vav) paradigm, behaving like yod-shin-vet

41
Q

Translate:

A

Stand!

2ms

impv I-Gut

42
Q

Translate:

A

Stand!

2fs

impv I-Gut

43
Q

Translate:

A

Stand!

2mp

impv I-Gut

44
Q

Translate:

A

Stand!

2fp

impv I-Gut

45
Q

Translate:

A

Fall!

2ms

impv I-Nun

46
Q

Translate:

A

Fall!

2fs

impv I-Nun

47
Q

Translate:

A

Fall!

2mp

impv I-Nun

48
Q

Translate:

A

Fall!

2fp

impv I-Nun

49
Q

Translate:

A

Dwell!

2ms

impv I-Yod(vav)

50
Q

Translate:

A

Dwell!

2fs

impv I-Yod(vav)

51
Q

Translate:

A

Dwell!

2mp

impv I-Yod(vav)

52
Q

Translate:

A

Dwell!

2fp

impv I-Yod(vav)

53
Q

Translate:

A

Go away!

2ms

impv III-He

54
Q

Translate:

A

Go away!

2fs

impv III-He

55
Q

Translate:

A

Go away!

2mp

impv III-He

56
Q

Translate:

A

Go away!

2fp

impv III-He

57
Q

How are imperatives negated?

A

They are not!!!
Instead, the imperfect gets used with either:

58
Q

What tells me that the Hebrew is for sure a command?

A

אַל is only used with volitives!
When you see it, think “Do not…”

59
Q

What is true of strong and most weak
Qal jussives?

(Exceptions: III-He and hollow verbs)

A
  • appear identical to the imperfect form
  • Must use context to decide whether jus or impf
  • If jussive, translate as: “May…” or as “Let him/her/them…”
60
Q

Translate:

A

not
(used only with cohortative and jussive)

Note it begins with alef; if begins with ayin, it means “on” or “upon”

61
Q

Translate the following:

A

Negation with imperfect verb

62
Q

Translate the following as a jussive:

A

the first Hebrew word, “yish-me-u” is translated as a jussive: “let (them) hear”

63
Q

What happens to III-He verbs in the jussive form?

A

The III-He goes away
(as it does when adding an afformative, or adding vav to the beginning, as in WCIs)

64
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. He will reveal/remove
  2. Let him reveal/remove
    (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)
65
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. She will reveal/remove
  2. Let her reveal/remove
    (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)
66
Q

In what forms of the jussive is a III-He verb different than the imperfect form?

A

Only the singular forms (ms, fs) lose the III-He and end up differing from the imperfect form of the verb.

67
Q

In what forms of the jussive do hollow verbs collapse?

A

Only the singular forms
MS/FS

68
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. he will cry
  2. Let him cry!
    (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)
69
Q

What is the difference in the following translations?

A
  1. he will go up
  2. Let him go up!
    (in #2 the III-He has dropped, and the word is in the 3rd-person, so it is a III-He jussive)

Hebrew (58 decks)

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