Week 1 Quiz material (parts of Futato Ch 25-26) Hollow verbs; verbs w/vav relative Flashcards
What is the telltale sign that there is:
a missing nun in the first radical position?
- leaves behind a footprint dagesh
- drops I-nun and tav may be added to the end
What is the telltale sign that there is:
a missing yod/vav in the first radical position?
- the preformative vowel is tsere instead of hireq
- I-yod or vav drops and tav is added at end
What is the telltale sign that a I-alef may be missing?
if the preformative vowel is holem
(Imperfect 1cs)
What is the telltale sign that a III-he may be missing?
can only be discerned by the process of elimination
What is the telltale sign that a II-yod/vav is missing?
It is a hollow verb, perfect has 2 root letters, usually with an a-class vowel under the 1st root letter.
What is true of hollow imperfect forms?
- middle radical retained
- root vowels for 1st and 2nd radicals of strong verbs NOT present
- Preformatives have a qamets after them
What is true of hollow perfect forms?
- second radical and vowel have dropped out
- In 3rd person the 1st root vowel is qamets
- In 1st & 2nd persons the 1st root vowel is patakh
- There are variations, such as with bosh which keeps the holem or the holem-vav in all perfect forms, or mut which has 1Rv tsere in the 3rd person (not qamets)
What is true of hollow verbs?
- have yod or vav as 2nd radical
- in impf, yod/vav present but qamets is under preformative
- in pf (R), verb collapses
- Inf. const. same as dictionary forms
- Inf. abs. always have a holem-vav
Translate:
he arose
Translate:
she arose
Translate:
you(ms) arose
Translate:
you(fs) arose
Translate:
I arose
Translate:
they(c) arose
Translate:
you(mp) arose
Translate:
we arose
Translate:
he will arise
Translate:
she will arise
or
you(ms) will arise
Translate:
you(fs) will arise
Translate:
I will arise
Translate:
they(mp) will arise
Translate:
they(fp) will arise
or
you(fp) will arise
Translate:
you(mp) will arise
Translate:
we will arise
Translate:
to arise
Translate:
surely (arise)
Translate:
he came
OR
he entered
Translate:
he will come
OR
he will enter
Translate:
I came
OR
I entered
Translate:
to come
OR
surely (come)
Translate:
we came
OR
we entered
Translate:
you came
you entered
(mp)
Translate:
you came
you entered
(ms)
Translate:
he died
Translate:
he will die
Translate:
I died
Translate:
she died
Translate:
surely (die)
Translate:
to die
Translate:
you(ms) died
Translate:
he was ashamed
(also “to be ashamed” or “surely” be ashamed)
Translate:
he will be ashamed
Translate:
I was ashamed
Translate:
she was ashamed
Translate:
they were ashamed
Translate:
to be ashamed
OR
surely (be ashamed)
Translate:
we were ashamed
Translate:
you(fp) were ashamed
Translate:
you(fs) were ashamed
Translate:
you(mp) were ashamed
Translate:
you(ms) were ashamed
Translate:
he put
Translate:
he will put
Translate:
surely (put)
surely (place)
Translate:
to put
to place
to set
What can adding a vav to the beginning of a verb do?
-
REVERSE the
past-future relationship - May or may not be translated with “and”
What are the key ways to express the past tense?
- use a perfect verb without vav-sheva
- prefix vav-patekh-dagesh to an imperfect verb
[if prefixed before alef as with 1cs, compensatory lengthening takes place in prefix (vav-qamets is the prefix)]
Use of simple sheva as prefix - impf still translated as future tense.
What are the key ways to express the future tense?
- use an imperfect verb with NO vav or with prefix vav-sheva
- prefix vav-sheva to a perfect verb
What does WCI stand for?
vav consecutive imperfect
or vav relative impf
or vav reversive impf
What is true when using the WCI?
- vowels usually stay same
- the 2nd radical vowel may change slightly
- the past-future relationship reverses
Which two weak roots often differ from regular imperfect verbs?
Hollow verbs almost always collapse
III-He verbs almost always lose the He
What is true of using vav-sheva with the perfect?
- often used when imperfect was previously used in the narrative.
- vowels DO NOT CHANGE!
- REVERSES past to future
What does WCP stand for?
(Waw Consecutive Perfect)
or vav reversive perfect
or vav relative perfect
Translate:
(and) he entered
(remember: past/future REVERSES with vav-patakh-dagesh)
here, the hollow verb collapsed
Translate:
(and) he uncovered
(remember: past/future REVERSES with vav-patakh-dagesh)
here, He went away!
Translate:
(and) she uncovered OR
(and) you uncovered
(remember: past/future REVERSES with vav-patakh-dagesh)
here, He went away!
Translate:
(and) I will remember
Remember, past/future reverses when perfect has vav-sheva
Translate:
it was and it will be
Remember, past/future reverses when perfect has vav-sheva
How do we change the tense of
1. perfect verbs?
2. imperfect verbs?
REVERSING tense:
1. perfect verbs get vav-sheva as prefix
2. imperfect verbs get vav-patakh-dagesh as prefix [or vav-qamets if precedes Alef as with the 1cs imperfect form]
Remember that the vav may or may not be translated as “and”
