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Mari 112 Exam > Week 2: Primary productivity > Flashcards

Week 2: Primary productivity Flashcards

1
Q

Major components of protein and nucleic acids

A

Nitrogen

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2
Q

Nitrogen can be available as

A

Nitrate and Ammonium

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3
Q

Component of cell walls, ATP, Nucleic Acids

A

Phosphorus

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4
Q

Phosphorus can be available as

A

Phosphate (Inorganic Phosphorus)

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5
Q

Found in Diatom cell walls

A

Silicon

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6
Q

Silicon available as

A

Silicate

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7
Q

Important component of chlorophyll

A

Iron / Micro-nutrient

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8
Q

Maximum concentrations of nutrients in temperate seas/oceans

A

Nitrate - 20
Ammonium - 100
Phosphate - 2
Silicate - 175
Iron - 1.1

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9
Q

Primary limiting nutrient in the ocean

A

Nitrogen

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10
Q

Secondary limiting nutrients in the ocean

A

Phosphorus and iron

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11
Q

Limits growth of diatoms and is often depleted following blooms

A

Silicate

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12
Q

High levels of productivity are observed where

A

Where sufficient light and nutrients are available

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13
Q

Largest percentage of marine fauna

A

Algae

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14
Q

What are algae

A
  1. Eukaryotic (cells with a nucleus)
  2. Members of kingdom protista
  3. Are not plants
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15
Q

Monophyletic groups

A

Different species that are collectively traced from a single ancestor

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16
Q

Paraphyletic groups

A

Different species diverged at different times and don’t have a common ancestor

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17
Q

Defining characteristics of algae

A
  1. Flagella at some stage of life cycle (except for reds)
  2. Reproduce by spores
  3. No roots
  4. Mostly Photosynthetic (autotrophic)
  5. Mostly aquatic, mostly marine
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18
Q

Algal classification

A
  1. Photosynthetic pigments
  2. Characteristics of flagella
  3. Cell wall material
  4. Structure (Filaments, multicellular forms, colonies/single)
19
Q

Chlorophyta

A

Green algae, are the ancestors of kingdom plantae

20
Q

Ochrophyta/Phaeophyta

A

Brown algae, includes diatoms and brown seaweeds

21
Q

Rhodophyta

A

Red algae, are the oldest and most diverse algal group

22
Q

Dinophyta

A

Dinoflagellates, single-celled phytoplankton with flagella

23
Q

Major primary producers and important bloom-forming phytoplankton

A

Diatoms and Dinoflagellates

24
Q

Diatoms characteristics

A
  1. > 5,600 species known to exist
  2. Major component of coastal and open ocean phytoplankton
  3. Essential nutrients for growth - silica, iron, nitrogen
  4. Silica cell wall or frustule
  5. Accessory pigment - Fucoxanthin
25
Q

Diatom centrales description

A

Areole arranged in radial pattern

26
Q

Diatom pennales description

A

Areole bilaterally symmetrical along a longitudinal axis

27
Q

Sexual reproduction in diatoms

A
  1. The valves of the frustule seperate
  2. New valve grows within the old one, = smaller frustules
  3. Reach around 1/4 of the original size and sink
  4. Sexual reproduction produces Auxospore -> full-sized cell
28
Q

Dinoflagellates characteristics

A
  1. 2000 species
  2. 90% marine, mostly unicellular
  3. Thick-walled resting zygote formed via sexual reproduction
  4. 40% of species have no chloroplasts
  5. Pigment and Peridinin, Chl c
  6. Thecal plates secreted within an outer cell membrane
  7. Posterior and transverse flagella
29
Q

Dinoflagellates name origination

A

From the greek word “dinos” to whirl

30
Q

Harmful algal blooms (HABS) characteristics

A
  1. Toxic and non toxic harmful blooms occur
  2. Caused by microscopic plankton and macroalgae
  3. Conditions (low mixing, high nutrients, warm temperatures and high light) leading to exponential growth
  4. HABs can give major implications for food safety, productivity and rates of mortality in aquaculture.
31
Q

Ciguatera poisoning

A
  1. Affects 50,000 people/year who harvest fish from tropical and subtropical reef lagoons (0.1-12% die)
  2. Ciguatoxin and other similar compounds responsible
  3. Reversal of temperature sensation, muscular aches, dizziness, anxiety, sweating, and a numbness and tingling of the mouth and digits
32
Q

Macroalgae/seaweed

A
  1. Multicellular macroscopic
  2. Vast majority are photosynthetic
  3. Key primary producers in coastal seas
33
Q

Chlorophyta characteristics

A
  1. Most closely related to vascular plants
  2. Cellulose cell wall
  3. Pigment chlorophyll b
34
Q

Phaeophyta Characteristics

A
  1. Filamentous to complicated kelp species
  2. Cell wall made of Alginate
  3. Accessory pigment Fucoxanthin
35
Q

Rhodophyta Characteristics

A
  1. Absense of flagella on spores and gametes
  2. Accessory pigments, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin
  3. Cell walls contain agar and carrageenan
  4. Deepest known photosynthetic organism
36
Q

Why are algae importanrt

A
  1. Major producers
    • only 1% of plant biomass
    • around 40% photosynthesis on earth
  2. Bottom of the food web
  3. Habitats for animals
  4. Food
  5. Toxic algal blooms
  6. Food and products
37
Q

Autotrophs vs heterotrophs

A
  1. Autotrophs can produce their own food
  2. Heterotrophs are consumers who depend on other sources for food
38
Q

Marine angiosperms

A
  1. Flowering plants
  2. Advanced vascular plants that reproduce with flowers and seed
39
Q

Only marine higher plant

A

Seagrasses

40
Q

Cause of decline in kelp forests

A

Warm, salty, nutrient-poor water travelling to polar regions

41
Q

Dominant marine primary producers

A

Algae

42
Q

Dominant marine flora

A

Algae

43
Q

Importance of seaweeds and seagrasses

A
  1. Important primary producers
  2. Key habitat-forming species

Mari 112 Exam (10 decks)

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