WEEK 2: MORPHOLOGY- PRT 1,2,3

Question 1

Outline spherocytes?

Answer 1

FBC:
-Hyperchromic,
-Microcytic
-High RDW

Question 2

what charaterise spherocytes

Answer 2

-Loss of red cell membrane:
* Autoimmune – IgM, IgG
* Hereditary spherocytosis
* Burns
* Toxins

Question 3

what is Hereditary Elliptocytosis

Answer 3

A genetic blood disorder characterized by elliptically shaped red blood cells.
Cause: Mutations in genes encoding red blood cell membrane proteins, primarily spectrin, protein 4.1, or glycophorin C.
Inheritance: Autosomal dominant pattern.
Symptoms:

Mild to moderate hemolytic anemia
Jaundice
Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
Fatigue
May be asymptomatic in some individuals

Question 4

what characterizes fragments

Answer 4

Normochromic
Microcytic
High RDW

Question 5

manifestitions of fragments

Answer 5

Microangiopathic:
DIC
TTP
HUS
* Macroangiopathic
Smaller numbers of fragments in:
* Glomerulonephritis
* Inflammation
but insufficient to really affect the red cell indices.
* Megaloblastic anaemia

Question 6

teardrop cells

Answer 6

Marrow infiltration – fibrosis,
carcinoma etc.
Small numbers in
megaloblastosis

Question 7

burr cogwheel cells

Answer 7

Renal failure
Stored blood
Incorrect blood: anticoagulant ratio

Question 8

acanthocytes

Answer 8

Disorders of plasma lipids
Liver disease
Starvation, anorexia nervosa
Hypothyroidism
Very rare neurological syndromes