Week 2 Lectures Flashcards
What are atoms made of?
Protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Chemistry is the study of ____.
Matter.
Matter is ______.
Anything that occupies space.
What are the vertical columns on a periodic table called?
Groups
What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
Periods
What are the three groups of elemental classification?
Major elements, minor elements, and trace elements.
What languages are elements titled by?
English and Latin
What is an Atom?
Smallest unit of an element in its purest form.
What are protons neutrons and electrons called?
Subatomic particles.
What is the nucleus of an atom surrounded by?
An electron cloud.
What’s a dalton?
A unit for measuring the weight of subatomic particles.
Proton - 1 dalton
Neutron - 1 dalton
Electron - 1/2000 of a dalton (negligible)
In an atom, what is the mass determined by?
The size of the nucleus.
Atomic symbol?
ONe or two letters in latin or english like Be, O, Na, H etc.
How to find Atomic number?
Ask How many protons does this atom have?
How to find atomic mass?
Protons + Neutrons
How to find # of electrons in an electrically neutral atom?
Number of protons = number of electrons
Isotopes have a different number of neutrons. How do you figure this out?
Look at the number of neutrons. They will have a different number than others.
What is an unstable isotope called?
Radioisotopes.
What is energy?
The capacity to do work.
What are the two forms of energy?
Potential energy (stored energy)
Kinetic energy (energy that is used in motion)
How is potential energy transferred to kinetic?
Energy is transferred between atoms through chemical bonds because atoms want to be stable.
What happens to atoms with incomplete outer shells?
They are very unstable.
What is a chemical bond?
The attractive force that holds two or more atoms together.
3 kinds of chemical bonds:
Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds.
Covalent bonds can be classified into two types. What are they?
Polar covalent bonds
Nonpolar covalent bonds