Chapter 14 - Skeletal System Flashcards
What does the skeletal system do?
Provide a framework to the body.
What is cartilage?
Cartilageis a type of dense connective tissue, made of tough protein fibers. It is strong but flexible and very smooth. It covers the ends of bones at joints, providing a smooth surface for bones to move over.
What are ligaments?
Ligamentsare bands of fibrous connective tissue that hold bones together. They keep the bones of the skeleton in place.
What are the 2 parts of the skeleton?
Axial and Appendicular skeletons
What is the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton forms the axis of the body. It includes the skull, vertebral column (spine), and rib cage. The bones of the axial skeleton, along with ligaments and muscles, allow the human body to maintain its upright posture. The axial skeleton also transmits weight from the head, trunk, and upper extremities down the back to the lower extremities. In addition, the bones protect the brain and organs in the chest.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton forms the appendages and their attachments to the axial skeleton. It includes the bones of the arms and legs, hands and feet, and shoulder and pelvic girdles. The bones of the appendicular skeleton make possible locomotion and other movements of the appendages. They also protect the major organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction
____ is the process in which blood cells are produced.
Hematopoiesis
What tissue produces blood cells?
Red marrow
Bone minerals are _____ (basic), so their ____ into the blood ____ the blood against excessive ____ (low pH)
Alkaline, release, buffers, acidity
Bones can act as an ____ organ to help in homeostasis
endocrine
What is osteocalcin?
an endocrine hormone secreted by bones that helps regulate blood glucose and fat deposition. It also increases insulin secretion and cell sensitivity to unsulin. It also boosts number of insulin producing cells and reduces fat stores.
How is the female pelvis adapted for childbirth?
It is broader, with a larger subpubic angle, a rounder pelvic brim, and a wider and more shallow lesser pelvic cavity compared to the male pelvis.
In adults, the skeletal system contains ____ bones
206
Bones are mainly made of ____
collagen
Why are bones hard?
The contain deposits of calcium and other mineral salts.
There is very little sexual ____ in the ___skeleton
diorphism, human
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80
What bones are in the axial skeleton?
Skill, rib cage, vertebral column, three ossicles (hammer, anvil, stirrup), hyoid bone in throat.
What bones are in the skull?
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Parietal x 2
Temporal x 2
Occipital
How many bones are in skull?
22.
8 in cranium
14 in face
What is the cranium?
The brain case, the upper portion of skull.
What are the 14 facial bones?
Nasal x 2
Lacrimal x 2
Inferior nasal concha x 2
Maxilla x 2
Mandible
Palatine x 2
Zygomatic x 2
Vomer
What is the vertebral column?
Thevertebral column,also called the spine or backbone, is the flexible column ofvertebrae (singular, vertebra)that connects the trunk with the skull and encloses the spinal cord. It consists of 33 vertebrae that are divided into five regions, as shown in the figure below: the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions. From the neck down, the first 24 vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) are individual bones. Thefivesacral vertebrae are fused together, as are thefourcoccygeal vertebrae.