Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GBA Immunology > Week 2- Innate Immune + Antibody > Flashcards

Week 2- Innate Immune + Antibody Flashcards

Lecture and practice

1
Q

What are examples for the soluble antimicrobial molecules of the innate Immune system?

A

Defensins
Lyzozymes
Calprotectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Defensins

A

Amphipathic molecules that form holes in microbes membranes. Found in mucusal surfaces first line bounderies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lyzozymes

A

Desteoys bacterial cells wall by breaking glucosidil bonds between peptidoglycin components.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Caloprotectins

A

Inhibits bacterial growth by chelation of manganese and zinc (which are vital for it).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the factors macrophages secret in order to recruit more cells for Inflammation?

A

TNF alpha
IL1
IL6
IL8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the ways Neutrophils kill bacteria?

A

Phagocytosis
Degranulation
NET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two kinds of activations of Recruited macrophages?

A

IFN-gamma - classical activation: Bactericidal and cytokine release

IL4,IL13 - alternative activation: Supression and scavenger activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 modes of Intracellular killing in Macrophages?

A

Lysosomal
Oxidative burst
NO-mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 kinds biological signals possible ti be collected by macrophages upon meeting apoptotic bodies?

A

Find me - MCP- Membrane Cofactor Protein (CD46) , IL8
Eat me - Phosphatidylserine
Tolerate me - IL10, TGFbeta , PGE2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Innate lymphoid cells?

A

Cells that have the diversity of Cytokines production comparable to those of T cells but, doesn’t have the same focused specificity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the fate of cells that do not have MHC-I on their membrane (healthy Immune sys)?

A

Killed by NK cells - Perforins and Granzyme B invasion.

These are normally Virus infected cells or cancer cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give examples for KIR and KAR?
What do they attach to?
(Killing Inhibitory and Killing activator Receptor)

A

KIR - NKG2A - binds MHC-I

KAR - NKG2D - binds Ubiquitous molecule on surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Example for an antibody-depedent cellular cytotoxicity?

A

CD16(Fc-gamma-RIII) surface molecule of Nk cell binding the Fc segment of target antibody.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fc receptors of IgG and IgE?

Function?

A

IgG - Fc gamma receptor - opsonin

IgE - Fc epsilon receptor - parasitic defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are typical signals that TLRs detect on bacteria?

A

Lipids, Carbohydrates (LPS), Flagellar proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the intracellular Cytoplasmic PRRs and what do they recognize?

A

RIG like helicases - recognize viruses

NOD like receptor- recognize intracellular bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the systemic influence of IL-1 and TNF-alpha?

A

PGE production is increased and reaches the Hypothalamus - Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are DAMP?

A

Damage associated molecular pattern:
Hsps, uric acid, HMGB1, ds DNA, necrotic factors
Shouldn’t be found outside the cells!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an Inflamasome?

A

Cytoplasmic Enzyme catalyzes to Pro-Cytokines cleavage. Assembled from NLR, ASC and Caspase-1 .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the revised concepts of the Innate Immune system?

A
  • specificity is limited
  • cells can be long lived
  • memmory is limited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

IgM - Structure: Conformation and Chains, Percentage in serum. Crosses placenta or Not?

A

IgM :Pentamer, Heavy chain: μ, Light Chain: ƙ or λPercentage in serum: 6%
Does Not Cross Placenta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

IgM -General Function, Complement Sys.

A

IgM : Main antibody of primary response. Monomer form serves as BCR. Activates Complement Sys. with highest Efficacy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

IgG - Structure: Conformation and Chains, Percentage in serum. Crosses placenta or Not?

A

IgG :Monomer, Heavy chain: γ, Light Chain: ƙ or λPercentage in serum: 80%
Does Cross Placenta!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IgG -General Function, Complement Sys.Number of Subtypes (Allotypes)

A

IgG :Main blood antibody of secondary response.Activates Complement Sys. Has 4 Subtypes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

IgA - Structure: Conformation and Chains, Percentagein serum. Crosses placenta or Not?

A

IgA:Dimer (with Secretory Component), Heavy chain: α, Light Chain: ƙ or λ. Percentage in serum: 13%
Does Not Cross Placenta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

IgA - General Function, Complement Sys.Number of Subtypes (Allotypes)

A

IgA: Secreted into mucous, tears,saliva. Does Not activate Complement Sys. Has 2 Subtypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

IgE - Structure: Conformation and Chains, Percentagein serum. Crosses placenta or Not?

A

IgE:Monomer, Heavy chain: ε, Light Chain: ƙ or λ. Percentage in serum: 0.1%
Does Not Cross Placenta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

IgE - General Function, Complement Sys.

A

IgE: Antibody of allergy and anti-parasitic activity.Does Not activate Complement Sys.

29
Q

IgD - Structure: Conformation and Chains, Percentage in serum. Crosses placenta or Not?

A

IgD:Monomer, Heavy chain: δ, Light Chain: ƙ or λ. Percentage in serum: 1%
Does Not Cross Placenta.

30
Q

IgD - General Function, Complement Sys.

A

IgD:B-cell receptor, Not secreted regularly.Does Not Cross Placenta.

31
Q

What are Idiotypes?

A

The unique amino acid sequence of the VH and VL domains of a given antibody - differences in epitope specificity.

32
Q

IgG4 Allotype - Relative Amount and Function

A

IgG4 Allotype:Lowest Amount. Allergy Immunotherapy.

33
Q

IgG1 Allotype - Relative Amount and Function

A

IgG1 Allotype:Highest Amount. Best Opsonin

34
Q

What are the factors Influencing the Isotype Switch?

A
  • Cytokine Amount and Kind
  • Kind of Inflammatory response
  • Position in the Body
35
Q

Elevated Serum IgE could mean:

A

Hypersensitivity type 1 - Allergy

36
Q

Elevated Serum IgM in Pregnancy could mean:

A

Intrauterine Infection

37
Q

Elevated IC (Antigen+Antibody) of Self antibodies in serum:

A

Hypersensitivity type 2 :-ABO or Rh Incompatibility -Hemolytic Anemia (could be Penicillin linked)Hypersensitivity type 3 : Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

38
Q

Elevated IC (Antigen+Antibody) of Foreign antibodies in serum:

A

Hypersensitivity type 3 :Serum Disease, Passive Immunisation - Hepten could come from Chemotherapy.

39
Q

Antibody with High Sensitivity - Meaning

A

High amount of the Epitopes bound by the Antibody are ones that actually should be bounded.

40
Q

Antibody with High Specificity- Meaning

A

High amount of the Epitopes not bound by the Antibody are ones that actually should not be bounded.

41
Q

What is Cross-Reactivity?

A

The ability of the antibody to bind multiple antigen counterparts (for different antigens with shared epitopes)

42
Q

What is Avidity?

A

The overall strength of binding between Antigen and Antibody.

43
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

A

Anaphylactic IgE mediated degranulation of mast cells - Inflammation.
Response to earlier exposed antigen - food or drug allergies.

44
Q

Type 2 Hypersensitivity

A

Antibodies bind to cell-surface antigens leads to inflammation and cellular destruction (Cytotoxic).
Examples -
Hyperacute transplantation rejection.
M protein causes Rheumatic fever - Polyarthritis

45
Q

Type 3 Hypersensitivity

A

Type 3 - 3 things, Ag,Ab and Complement .
Elevated amount of IC *IgG with Antigen causes activation of complement and in turn neutrophil lysosomal enzymes.
Examples are Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis or SLE

46
Q

Where are Alpha-Defensins Secreted? (HNP1-4)

A

Neutrophils, Gingival sulcus, Inflammatory Sites, Salivary Ducts cells.

47
Q

Where are Beta-Defensins Secreted? (hBD1-3)

A

Epithelial Linings and Salivary Ducts

48
Q

What cytokines Induce the formation of M1 cells from a normal macrophage? What will this cell do?

A

IFNγ - Classical Activation will cause the formed M1 to have Bactericidal activity and release Inflammatory cytokines.

49
Q

What cytokines Induce the formation of M2 cells from a normal macrophage? What will this cell do?

A

IL4/IL13 - Alternative Activation will cause the formed M2 to be Scavenging and promote Suppression host defence.

50
Q

Find me sign molecules-

A

Membrane Cofactor Protein (MCP or CD46) , IL8

51
Q

Eat me sign molecules-

A

Phosphatidylserine

52
Q

Tolerate me molecules-

A

IL10, TGFβ , PGE2

53
Q

Missing sialic acid on human cells will cause:

A

phagocytes activation and alternative complement activation

54
Q

Give an example for KIR:

A

KIR - NKG2A - binds MHC-I

55
Q

Give an example for KAR:

A

KAR - NKG2D - binds Ubiquitous molecule on surface

56
Q

Two kinds of Opsonic receptors:

A

Fc Receptors and Complement Receptors

57
Q

What are Fcε receptors?

A

Bind IgE, High affinity receptor is expressed on mast cells and basophils – have role in immunity against parasites and allergy (low affinity receptor has regulatory function)

58
Q

Scavenger receptors - Part of Which receptor family?

Example

A

PRR Family

Example: CD14- LPS Receptor

59
Q

Lectin receptors - Part of Which receptor family?

Example

A

PRR Family

Example: Macrophage Mannose receptor

60
Q

Intravesicular receptors (TLR) - Nucleic acids are recognized by TLRs in the _______

A

Intravesicular receptors (TLR) - Nucleic acids are recognized by TLRs in the endosome

61
Q

What mediator leads to the inflammatory response production intracellularly, after TLR Recognition of PAMP?

A

NF-kB

62
Q

CD80/CD86 - Function? When are they Formed?

A

Costimulatory membrane proteins on DC for T cell interactions. Formed after PAMP/DAMP detection, Signal for Maturation of DC.

63
Q

DAMP - What process invokes its reaction with Immune cells?

A

Necrosis

64
Q

What is the immediate enzyme formed by the Inflammasome?

A

CASPASE-1 (from PRO-CASPASE-1)

65
Q

What is the purpose of CASPASE-1?

A

Conversion of pro-interleukin 1β and pro-interleukin 18 to IL-1β and IL-18, setting the course for Inflammation.

66
Q

What are the molecules complexed with Pro-caspase-1 for activation?

A

NLR and ASC

67
Q

What is the common features of many Autoinflammatory disorders (inflammasomopathies) ?

A

Common feature: elevated IL-1 beta secretion (due to the defective regulation of the pro- IL-1 beta conversion to active IL-1 beta transition.

68
Q

IgM is said to have low affinity but high ______ because it has 10 weak binding sites for antigen as opposed to the 2 stronger binding sites of IgG, IgE and IgD with higher single binding affinities.

A

IgM is said to have low affinity but high avidity because it has 10 weak binding sites for antigen as opposed to the 2 stronger binding sites of IgG, IgE and IgD with higher single binding affinities.

69
Q

BCR Light Chains 2 possibilities?

A

λ and κ

GBA Immunology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions