Week 2 Individual behaviour, Personality and Values Flashcards
The MARS Model of Individual Behaviour is based on
Motivation
Ability
Role Perceptions
Situational factors
The Internal forces that affect a person’s voluntary choice of behaviour:
- Direction
- Intensity
- Persistence
Motivation
_____ refers to Natural _____ and learned capabilities required to _____ complete a task
Ability, aptitudes, successfully
______ ______ are the beliefs about what behaviour is required to achieve the desired results:
- Understanding what tasks to perform
- Understanding relative importance of tasks
- Understanding preferredbehaviours to accomplish tasks
Role Perceptions
\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ are the environmental conditions beyond the individual’s short-term control that constrain or facilitate behaviour Time People Budget Work facilities
Situational factors
What are the 5 types of Individual behaviour in the workplace?
1 Task performance 2 Organisational citizenship 3 Counter-productive behaviour 4 Joining/staying with the organisation 5 Maintaining attendance
Task Performance
Goal-directed behaviours under the individual’s control that support organisational objectives
Task performance _____ transform _____ materials into goods and services, or support and maintain these _____ activities
behaviours, raw, technical
What behaviours refer to various forms of cooperation and helpfulness to others that support the organisation’s social and psychological context
Organisational Citizenship Behaviours
Counterproductive Work Behaviours are
Voluntary behaviours that have the potential to directly or indirectly harm the organisation
Employee retention is essential for all the other performance-related behaviours to occur
and is the behaviour called
Joining and Staying with the Organisation
Maintaining Work Attendance
Managing presenteeism and absenteeism and ensuring that work attendance is related to job satisfaction and motivation.
attending scheduled work when one’s capacity to perform is significantly diminished by illness and other factors
Presenteeism
_____ is related to dissatisfaction, organisational policy, norms and the person’s values and personality
Absenteeism
What is relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions and behaviours that characterise a person, along with the psychological processes behind those characteristics
Personality
External traits: observable behaviours
Internal states: thoughts, values, etc. inferred from behaviours
Some variability, adjust to suit the situation
are defined as
Personality in Organisations
What shapes our individual personalities
Nature versus Nurture of Personality
Nature refers to our
genetic or hereditary origins
Nurture refers to the
person’s socialisation, life experiences and other forms of interaction with the environment
What are the 5 factors of the CANOE personality model
Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness to Experience Extroversion
People who are careful, dependable and self disciplined possess traits in line with
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness are people
Who are courteous, good natured, empathic and caring possess traits in line with Agreeableness
People who are anxious, hostile ad depressed possess traits in line with
Neuroticism
Openness to Experience
People who are Imaginative, creative, curious and sensitive possess traits in line with Openness to experience.
People who are outgoing, talkative, sociable and assertive possess traits in line with
Extroversion
Five-Factor Personality and Organisational Behaviour represent
Most personality traits
Studies report fairly strong associations between personality and several workplace behaviours and outcomes:
Performance
Motivation
Organisational citizenship
MBTI stands for
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
MBTI covers
- Extroversion versus introversion
- Sensing versus intuition
- Thinking versus feeling
- Judging versus perceiving
Collecting information through senses versus through intuition, inspiration or subjective sources explains what facet of MBTI
Sensing versus intuition
Thinking versus feeling explains what facet of MBTI
Processing and evaluating information
Using rational logic versus personal values
Orienting self to the outer world
Order and structure or flexibility and spontaneity explains what facet of MBTI
Judging versus perceiving
Competencies are
skills, knowledge, aptitudes and other personal characteristics that lead to superior performance
Personality Constellations
Resilience
Self-efficacy
Dark Triad
The ability to overcome and learn from adverse experiences in the workplace is known as
Resilience
Self-efficacy is
a person’s belief that he or she can successfully complete a task
What is known as a constellation of personality traits that increases the use of influence tactics and leads to counterproductive work behaviours
Dark Triad
- Self-reports are not a valid measure
- Personality is a relatively weak predictor of a person’s performance
- Personality instruments may unfairly discriminate against specific groups of people
- Personality testing might not convey a favourable image of the company
are all
Caveats About Personality Testing in Organisations
Values in the Workplace enforce _____ , evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences, and define _____ or _____, good or bad and create a ____ system
that is a hierarchy of values
, Stable, right, wrong, Value
Schwartz’s Values Model’s 10 categories
Universalism Benevolence Conformity Tradition Security Power Achievement Hedonism Stimulation Self-direction
Schwartz’s Values Model’s reduced further to 2 bipolar dimensions 1
1 Openness to change: motivation to pursue innovative ways, and its opposite
Conservation: motivation to preserve the status quo
Schwartz’s Values Model’s reduced further to 2 bipolar dimensions 2
2 Self-enhancement : motivated by self-interest, and its opposite.
Self-transcendence : motivation to promote welfare of others and nature
Values and Behaviour includes _____ behaviour that is usually consistent with _____, but conscious behaviour is less so because values are ______ constructs
Habitual , values, abstract
Decisions and behaviour are linked to values when we are mindful of our _____ and we have _____ reasons to apply values in that situation
values, logical
What is the cross-cultural value describing the degree to which people in a culture emphasise independence and personal uniqueness?
Individualism
What refers to a cross-cultural value describing the degree to which people in a culture emphasis duty to the groups to which they belong and to group harmony
Collectivism
Power distance refers to
The degree to which people in a culture accept unequal distributions of power in a society.
The degree to which people tolerate ambiguity
uncertainty avoidance.
achievement-nurturing orientations reflects
a competitive versus cooperative view of relations with other people
Ethics refers to the
study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad
Honesty/ethics is the most important characteristic
that employees look for in a leader
What are the 5 cross-cultural values
Individualism Collectivism Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Achievement orientation.
What are the 3 ethical principles
Utilitarianism
Individual rights
Distributive justice
Utilitarianism
Greatest good for the greatest number of people
Individual rights
Fundamental entitlementsin society
Distributive justice
People who are similar should receive similar benefits
Name the 3 Influences on Ethical Conduct
Moral intensity
Ethical sensitivity
Situational influences
Moral intensity
Degree that an issue demands the application of ethical principles
A personal characteristic that enables people to recognise the presence of an ethical issue and determine the relative importance.
Ethical sensitivity
Situational influences
Competitive pressures and other situational conditions that affect ethical behaviour
Ethical code of conduct Ethics training Ethics hotlines Ethical leadership and culture all
Supporting Ethical Behaviour
What are the 5 main types of workplace behaviour
1/ task performance;
2/ organisational citizenship;
3/ counterproductive work behaviours;
4/ joining and staying with the organisation; and
5/ maintaining work attendance are the 5 main types of
