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Human Anatomy MSc Sheffield - Head and Neck > Week 2 - head and neck (infratemporal fossa and TMJ) > Flashcards

Week 2 - head and neck (infratemporal fossa and TMJ) Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the motor portion of the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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2
Q

What is the path of the facial nerve?

A

Leaves cranial cavity via Internal auditory meatus, then facial canal in petrous part of temporal bone, then turns from anterior to posterior at the geniculate ganglion, gives off greater petrosal nerve, nerve to stapedius and chorda tympani. Leaves through stylomastoid foramen, gives off the posterior auricular nerve, travels into parotid gland then splits into its 5 terminal branches.

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3
Q

What are the intratemporal branches of the facial nerve?

A

greater petrosal nerve, nerve to stapedius and chorda tympani

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4
Q

What are the extracranial branches of the facial nerve?

A

Posterior auricular, digastric, stylohyoid, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

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5
Q

What are the functions of the facial nerve?

A

Motor innervation to muscles of facial expression
Taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue and palate, parasympathetics to lacrimal, nasal, palatine and salivary glands (except parotid), posterior auricular sensation

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6
Q

What does the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve supply?

A

Taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue, submandibular and sublingual glands

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7
Q

Which muscles does the temporal branch of the facial nerve supply?

A

frontalis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii

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8
Q

What does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve supply?

A

orbicularis oculi

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9
Q

What does the buccal branch of the facial nerve supply?

A

orbicularis oculi, buccinator and zygomaticus

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10
Q

What does the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve supply?

A

depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, mentalis muscles

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11
Q

What does the cervical branch of the facial nerve supply?

A

Platysma

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12
Q

What are the eight branches of the facial artery?

A

Cervical: Ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, glandular
Facial: Inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal, angular

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13
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the facial artery?

A

It is more superficial and more tortuous than the vein

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14
Q

What is the palpebral fissure?

A

The opening of the eyelid

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15
Q

What are the functions of orbicularis oculi?

A

Orbital part: closes eyelids tightly
Palpebral part: closes eyelids gently (blinking)
Deep palpebral part: compresses lacrimal sac

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16
Q

What is the innervation to orbicularis oculi?

A

Temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

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17
Q

What are the attachments of levator labii superioris?

A

O: zygomatic process of maxilla, maxillary process of zygomatic bone
I: Blends with muscles of upper lip

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18
Q

What is the action of levator labii superioris?

A

Elevates upper lip, exposes maxillary teeth

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19
Q

What is the innervation to levator labii superioris?

A

Zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve

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20
Q

What are the attachments of zygomaticus major?

A

O: Posterior part of Lateral aspect of zygomatic bone
I: Modiolus, blends with muscles of upper lip

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21
Q

What are the functions of zygomaticus major?

A

smiling, laughing

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22
Q

What is the innervation to zygomaticus major?

A

Buccal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

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23
Q

What are the attachments of orbicularis oris?

A

O: Medial aspects of maxilla and mandible, modiolus
I: skin and mucous membrane of lips

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24
Q

What are the actions of orbicularis oris?

A

Closes mouth, compresses and protrudes lips

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25
Q

What is the innervation to orbicularis oris?

A

Buccal branch of facial nerve

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26
Q

What are the attachments of depressor anguli oris?

A

O: mental tubercle and oblique line of mandible
I: modiolus

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27
Q

What is the innervation to depressor anguli oris?

A

Buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve

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28
Q

What are the attachments of depressor labii inferioris?

A

O: oblique line of mandible
I: Skin and submucosa of lower lip

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29
Q

What is the action of depressor labii inferioris?

A

Depresses lower lip inferolaterally

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30
Q

What is the innervation to depressor labii inferioris?

A

Mandibular branch of facial nerve

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31
Q

What are the attachments of buccinator?

A

O: superior: alveolar process of maxilla. Inferior: alveolar process of mandible. Posterior: ptyeryomandibular raphe, buccinator crest of mandible
I: modiolus, muscles of upper lip

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32
Q

What is the function of buccinator?

A

Compresses cheek against molar teeth

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33
Q

What is the innervation to buccinator?

A

Buccal branch of facial nerve

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34
Q

What is the frankfurt plane?

A

The line from the inferior margins of the orbits to the superior margins of the external acoustic meatuses (occurs in the anatomical position)

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35
Q

What is the vertex?

A

the highest point of the head where the transition from cervical to cranial innervation of the scalp occurs

36
Q

Where is the infratemporal fossa?

A

deep to masseter and zygomatic arch

37
Q

What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Muscles: lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, temporalis
Vessels: maxillary artery and branches, pterygoid venous plexus
Nerves: mandibular nerve and branches, chorda tympani, lesser petrosal nerves

38
Q

What are the attachments of the masseter muscle?

A

O: superficial part: maxillary process of zygomatic bone, inferior border of zygomatic arch. Deep part: deep/inferior surface of zygomatic arch
I: lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible

39
Q

What are the actions of masseter?

A

Chewing - elevates and protrudes jaw

40
Q

What is the innervation to masseter?

A

Masseteric nerve of mandibular nerve

41
Q

What are the attachments of temporalis?

A

O: temporal fossa, temporal fascia
I: Apex and medial surface of coronoid process of mandible

42
Q

What are the actions of temporalis?

A

Anterior fibres: elevate mandible
Posterior fibres: retracts mandible

43
Q

What is the innervation to temporalis?

A

Deep temporal branches of mandibular nerve

44
Q

What are the anterior divisions of the mandibular nerve?

A

Buccal (sensory), Masseteric (motor), deep temporal nerves (motor) and nerve to lateral pterygoid (motor)

45
Q

What does the inferior alveolar nerve do?

A

Branch of mandibular division of trigeminal, sensory innervation to mandibular teeth, mandible, chin, lower lip

46
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar nerve run?

A

Along the ramus of the mandible

47
Q

What are possible complications from an inferior alveolar nerve block?

A

If needle is positioned too posteriorly, anesthetic may be put into parotid gland, that may cause transient facial paralysis of the facial nerve
Also if the needle is placed too medially the medial pterygoid muscle can be injected, resulting in trismus.

48
Q

Which nerve are the deep temporal nerves a branch of?

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

49
Q

What do the deep temporal nerves innervate?

A

Temporalis muscle

50
Q

Where is the mandibular/inferior alveolar foramen?

A

The superomedial aspect of the ramus of the mandible

51
Q

What travels through the mandibular foramen?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve bundle

52
Q

Which nerve does the lingual nerve originate from?

A

The posterior division of the mandibular nerve (V3)

53
Q

What does the lingual nerve supply?

A

Sensory: mucosa of anterior tongue, floor of mouth , lingual gingiva
Special sensory: anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Parasympathetic: submandibular and sublingual glands

54
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A

DAM I AM Piss Drunk But Stupid Drunk I Prefer, Must Phone Alcoholics Anonymous
Deep auricular artery. Anterior tympanic artery. Middle meningeal artery. Inferior alveolar artery. Accessory meningeal artery. Masseteric artery. Pterygoid artery. Deep temporal artery. Buccinator artery. Sphenopalatine artery. Descending palatine artery. Infraorbital artery. Posterior superior alveolar artery. Middle superior alveolar artery. Pharyngeal artery. Anterior superior alveolar artery. Artery of the pterygoid canal

55
Q

Which branch of the maxillary artery passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

56
Q

What are the attachments of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

O: superior head: infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid. Inferior head: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: Superior head: Joint capsule of TMJ. Inferior head: Condyloid process of mandible

57
Q

What are the actions of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Bilateral contraction: protrudes and depresses mandible
Unilateral contraction: medial movement of mandible

58
Q

What is innervation to the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Lateral pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve (V3)

59
Q

What are the attachments of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

O: superficial part: tuberosity of maxilla, pyramidal process of palatine bone. Deep part: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: medial surface of ramus of mandible

60
Q

What is the innervation to the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve (V3)

61
Q

What is the main ligament that stabilises the TMJ?

A

The lateral temporomandibular ligament

62
Q

Where is the articular disc of the TMJ?

A

Between the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and the head of the mandible

63
Q

What movements can occur at the TMJ?

A

Elevation, depression, protrusion, retraction and lateral deviation

64
Q

Which muscles are involved in jaw elevation?

A

Temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid muscles

65
Q

Which muscles are involved in jaw depression?

A

Lateral pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles

66
Q

Which muscles are involved in jaw protrusion?

A

Lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid muscle, masseter

67
Q

Which muscles are involved in jaw retraction?

A

Posterior fibers of temporalis, deep part of masseter

68
Q

Which muscles are involved in lateral deviation of the jaw?

A

Posterior fibers of temporalis, digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles (ipsilateral movement); lateral and medial pterygoid muscles (contralateral movement)

69
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Lateral to the cavernous sinus, in Meckel’s/trigeminal cave (a depression in the temporal bone)

70
Q

What are the three main branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary branches

71
Q

What are the two divisions of the frontal branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves

72
Q

What travels through the supraorbital notch?

A

The supraorbital division of the ophthalmic nerve

73
Q

What do the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve supply?

A

The skin of the upper eyelid, conjunctiva, scalp and forehead

74
Q

What does the nasociliary nerve innervate?

A

The mucous membranes of the nose, the skin of the tip of the nose and the conjunctiva

75
Q

What does the lacrimal nerve innervate?

A

The lacrimal gland and conjunctiva

76
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve exit the skull?

A

Foramen rotundum

77
Q

What is the course of the maxillary nerve?

A

Trigeminal ganglion -> cavernous sinus -> foramen rotundum -> pterygopalatine fossa -> infratemporal fossa -> inferior orbital fissure -> infraorbital nerve (terminal branch) -> respective anatomical structures

78
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

Meningeal, zygomatic, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal, infraorbital, anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nerves, nasopalatine, greater palatine, lesser palatine nerves (‘My Zippy Zebra Zoe Is A Majestic Princess, Naturally Gorgeous Lady’)

79
Q

What do the zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves supply?

A

The skin of the zygomatic and temporal bones

80
Q

What does the infraorbital nerve supply?

A

Sensation to the inferior eyelid, side of the nose and upper lip

81
Q

What does the maxillary nerve supply?

A

The maxilla, nasal cavity, sinuses and palate

82
Q

Where does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve leave the skull?

A

Foramen ovale

83
Q

What structure goes through the mental foramen?

A

The mental nerve (branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal)

84
Q

What does the mental nerve supply?

A

Sensory innervation to the lower lip and chin

85
Q

What does the buccal nerve supply?

A

The cheek and 2nd and 3rd molars

86
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Direct branches (prior to bifurcation): Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve. Branches of mandibular nerve to otic ganglion. Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle. nerve to tensor tympani
Anterior division: Buccal nerve. Masseteric nerve. Deep temporal nerves. Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle
Posterior division: Auriculotemporal nerve. Lingual nerve. Inferior alveolar nerve

87
Q

What does the mandibular nerve supply?

A

The muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, and skin of the cheek, chin, temples, and anterior 2/3ds of the tongue

Human Anatomy MSc Sheffield - Head and Neck (11 decks)

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