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Human Anatomy MSc Sheffield - Head and Neck > Anatomy Guy questions > Flashcards

Anatomy Guy questions Flashcards

1
Q

The ligation of which artery would result in ischaemia to the body of the mandible and mandibular teeth

A

Inferior alveolar

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2
Q

What is the name of the junction of the sagittal and coronal suture?

A

Bregma

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3
Q

The vertebral arteries are branches from which arteries?

A

Subclavian

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4
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the anterior division of the mandibular nerve?

A

Temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid

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5
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the posterior division of the mandibular nerve?

A

Anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid

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6
Q

Which nerves pass through the pterygoid canal?

A

Greater petrosal nerve (from facial) and deep petrosal nerve (maxillary)

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7
Q

Which extraocular muscles cause the eyes to look superiorly?

A

Inferior oblique and superior rectus

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8
Q

What is the calvaria?

A

The skull-cap

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9
Q

Which nerve innervates tensor tympani?

A

Mandibular (V3)

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10
Q

Which nerve innervates mylohyoid and the anterior belly of digastric?

A

Mandibular (V3)

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11
Q

What is the primary muscle involved in protrusion of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

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12
Q

Which two nerves provide sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani - taste
Lingual - regular sensation

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13
Q

The mental nerve is a branch of which nerve/

A

Inferior alveolar - from V3

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14
Q

Which muscle does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?

A

Stylopharyngeal

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15
Q

Which muscles does the ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

3/4 of the infrahyoid muscles: omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

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16
Q

What are the relations of the cavernous sinus?

A

Medial: pituitary fossa, sphenoid sinus
Lateral: temporal lobe

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17
Q

What do the spinal and cranial parts of the accessory nerve do?

A

Spinal: innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Cranial: combines with vagus

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18
Q

What is the function of the medial portion of the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus?

A

Facial sensation

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19
Q

What is the function of the ventral anterior/lateral nuclei of the thalamus?

A

Motor

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20
Q

What is the function of the lateral portion of the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus?

A

Body sensation

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of brown-sequard syndrome?

A

ipsilateral loss of motor, vibration and proprioception, (due to corticospinal and dcml decussating in the medulla) with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation (due to spinothalamic decussating on entry to the spinal cord).

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22
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges anterior to the olive of the medulla oblongata?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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23
Q

What is the denticulate ligament?

A

A continuation of pia mater that suspends the spinal cord in its dural sheath

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24
Q

Which meningeal layer is responsible for a biconvex-shaped bleed?

A

Dura mater

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25
Q

What are the symptoms of an upper motor neuron lesion vs a lower motor neuron lesion?

A
  • UMN = hyperreflexia, spastic weakness
  • LMN = flaccid weakness, reduced deep tendon reflexes, fasciculations and loss of muscle bulk
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26
Q

A patient suffers a stroke and is unable to regulate their own body temperature, which part of the brain has been affected?

A

Hypothalamus

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27
Q

Which nerve is tested when testing the corneal reflex

A

The ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve - tests sensation of the eye

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28
Q

Which artery does the middle meningeal artery arise from?

A

The maxillary artery

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29
Q

A fracture through the roof of the maxillary sinus might result in sensory loss to where?

A

The upper incisor and canine teeth

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30
Q

Which artery supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

The second part of the maxillary artery

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31
Q

Which muscle abducts the vocal cords?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

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32
Q

Which muscles does the mandibular division of the trigeminal innervate?

A

Muscles of mastication - pterygoids, masseter, temporalis
Tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric

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33
Q

Swallowed food may often become lodged in the piriform fossa. The sensation of food being stuck in the throat and the elevation of the soft palate is carried by a branch of which cranial nerve?

A

Vagus

34
Q

An icepick wound that pierced the skin 1/4 inch posterior to the symphysis menti and 1/4 inch lateral to the midline and entered the oral cavity would pierce muscles in which sequence?

A

anterior belly digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, genioglossus

35
Q

Contraction of the ciliary muscle results in what?

A

Relaxation of the suspensory ligament of the lens - which increases the lens’s convexity for short range focus

36
Q

During examination of eye movements, a patient looks medially with their right eye, but then is unable to look down. Which nerve may be injured?

A

Trochlear

37
Q

Where is oxytocin made?

A

In the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, ADH is also made here

38
Q

What is made in the arcuate nucleus?

A

Prolactin, somatostatin, growth hormone

39
Q

A patient’s uvula deviates to the right-hand side of their mouth. The tongue does not deviate and taste is not impaired. Examination of the oral cavity is otherwise unremarkable.
What is the most likely nerve lesion?

A

Left vagus nerve

40
Q

What are the afferent and efferent nerves of the gag reflex?

A

Glossopharyngeal - afferent
Vagus - efferent

41
Q

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the corneal reflex?

A

Nasociliary (ophthalmic) - afferent
Facial - efferent
touching your eye makes you blink

42
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus is associated with a regulation of body temperature?

A

Posterior nucleus

43
Q

Which area of the hypothalamus produces ADH?

A

supraoptic nucleus (and paraventricular)

44
Q

Which nervous structure lies posterior to the carotid sheath at the level of the 6th cervical vertebra?

A

Cervical sympathetic chain

45
Q

Which cranial nerve is most likely to be the first affected by raised intracranial pressure?

A

Abducens

46
Q

Which areas of the brain cause expressive and receptive aphasia?

A

Expressive = Broca’s (frontal)
Receptive = Wernicke’s (temporal)

47
Q

What fibres make up the crus cerebri?

A

Corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts

48
Q

What does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect?

A

The midbrain and thalamus with the cerebellum

49
Q

What occurs at the decussation of the pyramids?

A

The corticospinal tracts cross over

50
Q

What innervates the gingiva of the buccal side of the lower molars?

A

Buccal nerve from V3

51
Q

Where could you inject to anaesthetise the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves?

A

Infratemporal fossa

52
Q

What nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

The auriculotemporal from V3 - sensation
Glossopharyngeal - parasympathetics

53
Q

Which muscle of mastication opens the mouth?

A

Lateral pterygoid

54
Q

What part of the ear does the greater auricular nerve supply?

A

The anterior, inferior part and over the ear, also does over parotid gland

55
Q

At what position is the superior rectus the main elevator of the eye?

A

23 degrees abduction

56
Q

Which artery supplies the lacrimal sac, lower eyelid and cheek?

A

The angular artery

57
Q

Over which muscle does the ansa cervicalis lie?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

58
Q

Which tongue muscle is supplied by the vagus nerve?

A

Palatoglossus

59
Q

Which basal ganglia make up the striatum?

A

Globus pallidus, caudate and putamen

60
Q

Which nerve innervates the superior medullary velum?

A

Superior cerebellar nerve

61
Q

Which tracts take information from the golgi tendon organs?

A

Spinocerebellar

62
Q

Which cerebellar nucleus deals with vestibular information?

A

Fastigial nucleus

63
Q

What is the name for all the fibres that enter the cerebellum?

A

Mossy fibres (except if they are from the inferior olivary nucleus and then they are called climbing fibres)

64
Q

Does the spinocerebellar tract decussate?

A

It is ipsilateral
Ventral decussates twice
Dorsal does not decussate

65
Q

The ophthalmic artery is a branch of which artery?

A

The internal carotid

66
Q

What forms the floor of the lateral ventricle?

A

The thalamus mainly, also fornix

67
Q

Where are the habenular and posterior commissures in relation to the pineal gland?

A

They sit in its stalks, anteriorly. Habenular superior to posterior commissure

68
Q

What is the lamina terminalis?

A

A membrane between the optic chiasm and anterior commissure (forms anterior wall of 3rd ventricle)

69
Q

Where does the globus pallidus externa project to in the circuit?

A

Subthalamic nucleus

70
Q

Where does the globus pallidus internal project to in the circuit?

A

Thalamus

71
Q

Where do the caudate/putamen project to in the basal ganglia circuit?

A

Globus pallidus and substantia nigra

72
Q

Which embryonic division is the thalamus from?

A

Diencephalon

73
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A

Form BBB, maintain ionic environment, remove K+ from the space

74
Q

What induces the forming of the neural plate?

A

The notochord

75
Q

What are the symptoms of a PCA stroke?

A

Cant recognise objects, vision problems

76
Q

The foramen lacerum sits between which bones?

A

sphenoid, temporal, occipital

77
Q

A patient with a dental infection, has a neck swelling, trismus and can’t speak normally. The infection has spread into which space?

A

Submandibular

78
Q

Which muscle separates the submandibular duct from the submandibular gland?

A

Mylohyoid

79
Q

Which muscles receive innervation from the first loop of the cervical plexus?

A

Thyrohyoid and geniohyoid

80
Q

The otic ganglion provides parasympathetics to which gland?

A

Parotid

81
Q

Which ganglion innervate which glands?

A

Otic = parotid
Pterygopalatine = lacrimal
Submandibular ganglion = sublingual and submandibular glands

Human Anatomy MSc Sheffield - Head and Neck (11 decks)

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