week 10 - neuro (histology)

Question 1

What is the epineurium?

Answer 1

The connective tissue around a whole nerve

Question 2

What is the perineurium?

Answer 2

The connective tissue around a fascicle/group of neurons

Question 3

What is the endoneurium?

Answer 3

The connective tissue that wraps a specific neuron

Question 4

What is an axon terminal?

Answer 4

The end of a neuron where the synapses are

Question 5

Where are multipolar neurons found?

Answer 5

In the CNS

Question 6

What are multipolar neurons?

Answer 6

Neurons with one axon and a cell body with multiple dendrites

Question 7

Where are bipolar neurons found?

Answer 7

In specific sensory systems

Question 8

What are bipolar neurons?

Answer 8

Neurons with one axon and a single dendritic tree

Question 9

Where are unipolar neurons found?

Answer 9

In the PNS only

Question 10

What are unipolar neurons?

Answer 10

Neurons with one axon

Question 11

What are glial cells?

Answer 11

The supporter cells for the neurons and the nervous system

Question 12

Name some glial cells

Answer 12

CNS: oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, ependymal cells
PNS: schwann cells, satellite cells

Question 13

What are the functions of astrocytes?

Answer 13

Help maintain the BBB and provide neurons with nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters,

Question 14

What are the histological features of astrocytes?

Answer 14

Large, ovoid, light nuclei

Question 15

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 15

Make myelin in CNS

Question 16

What are the histological features of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 16

Near neurons, small, dark nuclei

Question 17

What is the function of schwann cells?

Answer 17

Make myelin in PNS

Question 18

What are the histological features of schwann cells?

Answer 18

Near neurons, pale nuclei

Question 19

How are the grey and white matter arranged in the cerebrum and spinal cord?

Answer 19

Cerebrum and cerebellum - grey matter is more superficial
Spinal cord - white matter is more superficial

Question 20

What are the three cell layers in the grey matter of the cerebellum (from external to internal)?

Answer 20

Molecular, purkinje, granular cells

Question 21

What are the distinguishing features of pyramidal cells?

Answer 21

apical dendrites points to outer brain surface

Question 22

Where are pyramidal cells found?

Answer 22

In the grey matter of the cerebrum

Question 23

Where are fibrous astrocytes mainly found?

Answer 23

In the white matter of the brain - they help form the BBB

Question 24

What is lipofuscin?

Answer 24

A brown/gold pigment that builds up in cells as they age

Question 25

What are nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 25

Gaps in the myelin sheath

Question 26

What is an axon?

Answer 26

A cell process that takes information away from the cell body

Question 27

What is a dendrite?

Answer 27

A cell process that takes information to the cell body

Question 28

What is found in the anterior horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 28

Somatic motor neurons cell bodies

Question 29

What is found in the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 29

Visceral motor neuron cell bodies - autonomic - sympathetic (found T1-L2)

Question 30

What is found in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 30

Afferent unipolar neurons

Question 31

What are satellite cells?

Answer 31

Cells that surround and support neurons in the PNS

Question 32

How many nerves can a schwann cell support?

Answer 32

Myelinated neurons are supported by their own schwann cells and multiple unmyelinated neurons can be supported by one schwann cell

Question 33

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 33

The dark-staining part inside the nucleus of some cells

Question 34

What is the Nissl substance?

Answer 34

A dark-staining area in the cytoplasm of cells - rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 35

What are ganglia?

Answer 35

Groups of cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 36

What is the ratio of neurons to glial cells in the brain?

Answer 36

1:10

Question 37

How many axons can an oligodendrocyte myelinate?

Answer 37

Multiple

Question 38

What are the functions of microglia?

Answer 38

They are phagocytes, they have a role in immune defense

Question 39

What are the three components of the blood brain barrier?

Answer 39

1: Endothelial cells of the capillaries with their tight junctions 2: Basement membrane of the capillary walls 3: Astrocytes foot processes that surround capillaries

Question 40

What immune cells are found in normal CSF?

Answer 40

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 41

Do unmyelineated axons still associate with schwann cells?

Answer 41

Yes, they are enclosed by them