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personal training > week 2 - anatomy > Flashcards

week 2 - anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

anterior

A

front

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2
Q

posterior

A

back

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3
Q

medial

A

towards the midline

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4
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

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5
Q

superior

A

top

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6
Q

inferior

A

bottom

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7
Q

deep

A

inside more

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8
Q

superficial

A

closer to the surface

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9
Q

proximal

A

close to the joint

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10
Q

distal

A

further from the joint

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11
Q

ipsilateral

A

belonging to or occuring on the same side of the body

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12
Q

contralateral

A

belonging to or occuring on the opposite side of the body

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13
Q

major joints

A

glenohumeral/shoulder, shoulder girdle/scapulae, spine/trunk, elbow, wrist/radioulnar, hip, knee, ankle

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14
Q

flexion

A

bending movement that decreases the angle between a segment and its proximal segment

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15
Q

flexion

A

a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

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16
Q

abduction

A

the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

adduction

A

the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body or toward another part

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18
Q

plantar flexion

A

movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body

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19
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement of the foot upwars, so that the foot is closer to the shin

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20
Q

supination

A

rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward

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21
Q

pronation

A

rotation of the hand and forearm so that the palm faces backwards or downwards

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22
Q

circumduction

A

movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

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23
Q

horizontal abduction

A
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24
Q

horizontal adduction

A
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25
Q

lateral flexion

A
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26
Q

interal rotation

A
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27
Q

external rotation

A
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28
Q

inveersion

A
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29
Q

eversion

A
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30
Q

retraction

A
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31
Q

protraction

A
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32
Q

elevation

A
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33
Q

depression

A
34
Q

concentric phase

A

struggle phase

35
Q

eccentric phase

A

relax phase

36
Q

agonist

A

prime mover

37
Q

antagonist

A

opposing group

38
Q

synergist

A

provide support and prevent unwanted movement

39
Q

stabilizers

A

help stabilize body during movement

40
Q

elbow

A

can do flexion and extension because it is a hinge joint

41
Q

neck

A

flexion/extension, circumduction, right and left rotatio

42
Q

trunk

A

lateral flexion, left and right rotation, flexion and extension

43
Q

shoulder

A

flexion and extension, ab/adduction, internal and external rotation, circumduction, horizontal ab/adduction

44
Q

forearm

A

supination and pronation

45
Q

shoulder girdle

A

elevation and depression, retraction and protraction, upward rotation or ab/adduction

46
Q

wrist

A

circumduction, flexion/extension, ab/adduction

47
Q

hip

A

flexion/extension, circumduction, ad/adduction, internal/external rotation

48
Q

knee

A

flexion and extension

49
Q

ankle

A

circumduction, plantar flexion/dorsiflexion, eversion/inversion

50
Q

pectoralis major

A

horizontal adduction of the glenohumeral joint
- attaches at the sternum and clavicle, connects the the humerus

51
Q

pectoralis minor

A

scapular protraction
- deep to the pectoralis major, connects rib cage up to your scapula and causes protraction

52
Q

rectus abdominis

A

trunk flexion
- connects to the pelvis and sternum/ribcage area, fibers run vertically

53
Q

ex/in obliques

A

trunk rotation and flexion
- separate muscles that fun in a cross hatch, sloping downwards and across, form a girdle near the stomach, connect into the ribcage and pelvis

54
Q

transversus abdominis

A

trunk rotation
- attaching to ribs and pelvis, runs horizontally across torso abdomen area, deeper core muscle provides more stability in core movements

55
Q

serratus anterior

A

scapular rotation and stabilization
- attaches into ribcage and attaches to scapula

56
Q

iliopsoas

A

hip flexion
- illiacus = iliac crest of pelvis and femur - hip flexion
- psoas major = attaches from lumbar spine crosses hips and attaches to femur - hip flexion

57
Q

pectinieus

A

hip flexion
- pelvis into femur, deep to the quadriceps

58
Q

adductors

A

longus, brevis, magnus, pectinieus, gracilis

59
Q

gracilis

A

hip adduction

60
Q

sartorius

A

longest muscle in the body
- hip flecion, external rotation of the thigh, hip abduction, assists with knee flecion

61
Q

quadriceps

A

knee extension

62
Q

tibialis anterior

A

ankle dorsiflexion

63
Q

middle trap

A

retraction/adduction of scapula

64
Q

upper trap

A

elevation

65
Q

lower trap

A

depression

66
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

shoulder adduction and extension

67
Q

rhomboids

A

scapular retraction

68
Q

posterior deltoids

A
  • horizontal shoulder abduction
69
Q

erector spinae

A

trunk extension

70
Q

posterior deltoids

A

shoulder extension, horizontal abduction of shoulder, external rotation

71
Q

rotator cuffs

A

infraspinatus = external rotation
supraspinatus = initiate abduction
teres minor = external rotation

72
Q

posterior deltoids

A

horizontal abduction, extension

73
Q

triceps

A

elbow extension

74
Q

adductor magnus

A

hip adduction

75
Q

hamstrings

A

knee flexion

76
Q

gastrocnemius

A

ankle plantar flexion

77
Q

soleus

A

anke plantar flexion

78
Q

glutes

A

hip extension, hip rotation

79
Q

piriformis

A

lateral hip rotation, sacrum to femur

80
Q

iliotibial band

A

connective tissue lateral edge of thigh

81
Q

the squat

A

joints involved = knees, hips, ankles
plane of movement = sagittal
primary movers = glutes, quags, gastrocnemius, soleus, and hamstrings
stabilizers - transverse abdominis
joint and muscle action - the primary muscles have to shorten, hip extension, knee extension and ankle plantar flexion

personal training (13 decks)

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