week 13 - special populations

Question 1

learning objectives

Answer 1

• identify program guidelines for special populations
• understand how to apply program guidelines to actual programming for special populations

Question 2

children - considerations

Answer 2

• more susceptible to environmental extremes such as hot and humid temps. due to poor temp. regulation, water intake and breaks are very important
• avoid high intensity work
• make sure they enjoy the exercises

Question 3

children

Answer 3

aerobic
- >60 minutes per day
strength
- 3 days/week - part of the 60 minutes a day

Question 4

older adults - considerations

Answer 4

• age related losses:
  
  • loss of energy, bone density, decreased max heart rate, decreased cardiac output, loss of muscle mass, CT elasticity decreases, loss of coordination, increased risk of injuries
• need extended warm-ups and cool-downs
• modify exercise and activity selection
• slow monitored progressions

Question 5

older adults

Answer 5

strength: >2 days a week
flexibility: >2 days/week, if not daily
balance: 2-3 days/weel

Question 6

pregnancy - considerations

Answer 6

• Medical clearance = if women are already active and consistent prior to pregnancy, it is generally safe to continue with that intensity into the beginning of their pregnancy, if someone is new to exercise than they need to get clearance, have them ask their doctor at their next appt. just to be safe
  Avoid…
• Supine exercises
• Activities that put abdominal area at risk
• Ballistic or competitive activities
• Exercise on unstable ground
• Overheating
  Understand when to stop exercise

Question 7

pregnancy

Answer 7

aerobic
- 3-5 days/week
- extensive warm-up and cool down
consistent to their activity prior to pregnancy
strength
- 2-3 nonconsecutive days/week

Question 8

diabetes mellitus exercise goals and considerations

Answer 8

• helpful in the treatment and management, exercise promotes glucose uptake in the body, helps to regulate blood glucose levels
  Considerations:
• Medical clearance - yes, think about their physical activity level, and if they have symptoms can help determine if it is necessary to get clearance before increasing for those who are already physically active
• Hypoglycemia – need to bring sugar up before continuing to exercise, make sure to look for signs  light headedness, confusion, loss of coordination, headache
• Comorbidities – hypertension, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, or may have CVD, may be obese or overweight

Question 9

diabetes mellitus

Answer 9

aerobic
- 3-7 days a week
- no more than 2 consecutive days a week w/o exercise
strength:
- 2-3 nonconsecutive days/week

Question 10

hypertension considerations

Answer 10

• max/isometric exercises
  
  • blood pressure rises with these exercises, which you want to avoid
• need extensive warm-ups and cool-downs
• diet
• meds
  program goals: lowers risk and lowers BP

Question 11

hypertension

Answer 11

aerobic
- 5-7 days/week
- consistency
strength
- 2-3 days/weel

Question 12

arthritis considerations

Answer 12

pain and impact, consult physician

Question 13

arthritis

Answer 13

strength
- 2-3 days/week
flexibility
- daily ROM exercises
aerobic:
- 3-5 days/weel

Question 14

osteoporosis considerations

Answer 14

risk of falls/fractures, weight-bearing activity

Question 15

osteoporosis

Answer 15

strength
- 2-3 days/week
flexibility
- 5-7 days/week
aerobic
- 4-5 days/week

Question 16

asthma considerations

Answer 16

hydration, environment and meds

Question 17

asthma

Answer 17

strength
- 2-3 days/week
aerobic
- 3-5 days/week
* same as normal population

Question 18

cardiovascular disease considerations

Answer 18

• Medical clearance
• Goal is to lower risks – of furthering disease or of more serious events
• Meds – might alter HR, might use RPE or talk test instead
• Use of RPE

Question 19

cardiovascular disease

Answer 19

aerobic
- 3-5 days/week
strength
- 2-3 nonconsecutive days/week

Question 20

COPD

Answer 20

aerobic
- 3-5 days/week
strength
- similar to healthy adults

Question 21

metabolic syndrome

Answer 21

heightened risk of CVD
Have a minimum of 3 of the following:
- OW/OB
- High triglycerides
- HTN
- High glucose
Aerobic & strength same as healthy adults

Question 22

obesity considerations

Answer 22

30+ BMI
Exercise considerations
- Temperature regulation
- Orthopedic issues – extra stress on the joints, modify, think of lower impact work
- Comorbidities – hypertension, type II diabetes
- Body composition assessments – avoid, not appropriate and often not accurate
- Manage weight change expectations
- Diet & education

Question 23

obesity

Answer 23

aerobic
- >5 days/week
strength/flexibility
- similar to healthy adults

Question 24

cancer considerations

Answer 24

• fatigue/weakness
• decreased immune function and lean muscle mass

Question 25

cancer

Answer 25

aerobic
- 3-5 days/week
strength
- 1-3 days/week
flexibility