week 2 Flashcards
what is inclusive communication?
- knowing about differences in cultures: noticing diversity
what is effective communication?
- respectful
- accurate
- accesible
- relevant to all
how should you focus on who you are talking to?
- langugae they use tp describe themselves and respect that
- their context
- focus the person
orientalism
the way the west looks at the middle east:
- they are inferior
- dont have the mind like people in the west
- eurocentrism (europe is culture and intelectual centre)
- not promoting people becaese they dont think the ‘right way’
examples of eurocentrism
- western beauty standards
- west dominace in antropology
- media focuses on western disasters
- justifying kolonism
- english language
- othering
actions so you will understand
- read non european litarature
- talk to people
- news from other countries: read, watch and listen
- traveling
different standarts qatar
qatar
- migrant worker position
- position arab world in sport scene
- being a welcoming country
Netherlands:
- LGBTQ+ rights
- Am i safe as a blond girl
- can i drink beer
why is understanding orientalism critical in PR?
PR is about shaping narratives
Stuarts hall encoding/decoding modle of communication
audiences intrepert messages in differnt ways based on their cultural context
- PR proffesionals should consider multiple perspectives in their messaging
- how you are programmed you intrepeter different
- error with someoneelses words
- read it twice: you way and an other perspective
- represent yourself not trhough a lens from another perspective
DMIS
stages of how people move from a ethnocentric to a etnorelative perspective
–> highlights need for developing cultural competence in PR:
not just understanding, aslo actively adapting communication stratagies to norms and values
DMIS stages
ethnocentric
- denial inability to see cultural differences
- defence: negative evolutions
- minimization: acceptence of difference but beleive we are the same
ethnorelative
- acceptance: recognize and appreciate differences
- adaption: more competent in communication
- integration: move easily among multiple perspectives
barriers to inclusive communication
- cultural barriers: prejudices
- language barriers
- historical erasure: underrepresented/misrepresented due to historical bias
stratagies for effective inclusive commmunication
- active listening: engage with perspectives and avoid assumpions
- avoid stereotypes
- dialogue: foster open, respectfulconversation that include multiple viewpoints
what is inclusive communication in action
- historical interpretation: rewriting textbooks
- cultural media campaigns: use inclusive language and diverse representation to reach broader audience
- psychological research: understanding the role of inclusive communicaton in group behavior (also medicine research)
inclusive pr
a buisiness necessiy that ensures relevance, sustainablity and long term succes in an increasinly global marketspace
better formulation of merit volgens s. razak on medical meritocracy
- development of assesors critical consciousness regarding the structural issues in merit assignment
- alignment of merit criterea
- inclusive leadership for greater diversity
the value of individual differences
- socially diverse groups are better at accomplishing various tasks: (underrep serve those populations)
- social diversity in assesors lead to greater diversity in hiering
how to develope inclusive notions of merit?
engagement and probing:
- whose excellence gets excluded
- who is being held back from participating in merit based forms of competition
- who would shine in the profession if their excellence was appriciated
key actions in merit based processes
- socially diverse development and assesment of criteria
- built-in equity check
- explicit discussion of the underpining values and assumptions behind how excellence and merit are constructed
why is there no need for white women to specify the white part?
their race does not contribute to the disadvantage
contradiction on black women
- black women are the same and harmed by being treated differently
- or they are different and harmed by being the same
–> can experience racism in different ways
how can black women experience racism
- as white women
- as black men
- double discrimination, sex and gender summery
- as black women not in summery
conclusion of demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex by kimberle crenshow
- real effords to free black people must include analyses of sexism and patriachy
- femisim must include an analyses on race
- distance from only relevant when related to certain identity able cause
–> but centerered around life situations without regard of difficultie source - politics: no singular issues
- most discrimination helping also helps singular
PR definition
a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships bewtween organisation and public
managing public image and reputation
Pr gets positive perception from the public for the client by:
- SM
- speaking
- strategies for crisis management
- special events
- forging buisiness=s connection
- writing and publicizing press releases
what types of PR are there?
- community relations: improving imiage with locals
- media relations: form of free advertising
- public affairs: government (law)
- corporate social involvement: (ethical)
- crisis management
importance of PR
maximize effectiveness of the narrative surrounding your organization
PR proffessional characterisitics
- strong written and oral communication skills
- knowlegde of sales, advertising and marketing
- creative critical thinking
- can conduct thorough research
- technological literacy
- complex and strategic problem- solving
- service and solution
what is communication according to milton j bennet
the mutual creation of meaning and of an agreeable position
when is information meaningfull according to Milton J. Bennent?
when intended and interpreted in a way it attains significance
what is a culture?
a generalisation how a group coordiantes meaning and action among themselves
–> our human worldview generates meaning
difference ethinic and color boundry
ethnic boundry rest on a deeper set of institutions than ‘color boundry
what is intercultural communication?
the mutual creation of meaning across cultures
people of different groups precieving and trying to make sen of one other
and encouraching interaction
what is good communication
when trying to understand eachother
DMIS
- denial: no cultural difference preceived: foreigner
- defence: difference preceived in simplistic stereotypes: us and them (them = inferior)
- reversal: polarity of us and them: adapoted culture romantisized
- minimization: their experiences are shared by all cultures: no appreciation of differences
- acceptance: see own culture as a number of equally complex ones
- adaption: trying to organize the world in different ways
- integration: maintain complex multicultural identities
orientalis writing
views of middle eastern people as inferior, subservient and in need of saving
–> racist/ romaticesized stereotypes create a worldview that justifies western colonialism and imeprialism
what is ‘the orient’
- a semi mytical construct imposed on the middle east
- not distincting the countries
who are ‘the orientals’
- any person/ group east of europe
- sets of traits and temperaments on a variety of different people
- discribed as: lazy, suspicious, gullible, mysterious and un truthfull
- turnt into contrasting inferior image
what is an orientalist?
- those who worte about languages and cultures of southwest Asia and north afrika
- made biased oberservations sientific
latent orientalism
implicit ideias and believes
manifest orientalism
policies and ideologies acted upon by institutions
