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cross- cultural psych > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is inclusive communication?

A
  • knowing about differences in cultures: noticing diversity
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2
Q

what is effective communication?

A
  • respectful
  • accurate
  • accesible
  • relevant to all
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3
Q

how should you focus on who you are talking to?

A
  • langugae they use tp describe themselves and respect that
  • their context
  • focus the person
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4
Q

orientalism

A

the way the west looks at the middle east:
- they are inferior
- dont have the mind like people in the west
- eurocentrism (europe is culture and intelectual centre)
- not promoting people becaese they dont think the ‘right way’

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5
Q

examples of eurocentrism

A
  • western beauty standards
  • west dominace in antropology
  • media focuses on western disasters
  • justifying kolonism
  • english language
  • othering
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6
Q

actions so you will understand

A
  • read non european litarature
  • talk to people
  • news from other countries: read, watch and listen
  • traveling
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7
Q

different standarts qatar

A

qatar
- migrant worker position
- position arab world in sport scene
- being a welcoming country
Netherlands:
- LGBTQ+ rights
- Am i safe as a blond girl
- can i drink beer

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8
Q

why is understanding orientalism critical in PR?

A

PR is about shaping narratives

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9
Q

Stuarts hall encoding/decoding modle of communication

A

audiences intrepert messages in differnt ways based on their cultural context
- PR proffesionals should consider multiple perspectives in their messaging
- how you are programmed you intrepeter different
- error with someoneelses words
- read it twice: you way and an other perspective
- represent yourself not trhough a lens from another perspective

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10
Q

DMIS

A

stages of how people move from a ethnocentric to a etnorelative perspective

–> highlights need for developing cultural competence in PR:
not just understanding, aslo actively adapting communication stratagies to norms and values

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11
Q

DMIS stages

A

ethnocentric
- denial inability to see cultural differences
- defence: negative evolutions
- minimization: acceptence of difference but beleive we are the same

ethnorelative
- acceptance: recognize and appreciate differences
- adaption: more competent in communication
- integration: move easily among multiple perspectives

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12
Q

barriers to inclusive communication

A
  • cultural barriers: prejudices
  • language barriers
  • historical erasure: underrepresented/misrepresented due to historical bias
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12
Q

stratagies for effective inclusive commmunication

A
  • active listening: engage with perspectives and avoid assumpions
  • avoid stereotypes
  • dialogue: foster open, respectfulconversation that include multiple viewpoints
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13
Q

what is inclusive communication in action

A
  • historical interpretation: rewriting textbooks
  • cultural media campaigns: use inclusive language and diverse representation to reach broader audience
  • psychological research: understanding the role of inclusive communicaton in group behavior (also medicine research)
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14
Q

inclusive pr

A

a buisiness necessiy that ensures relevance, sustainablity and long term succes in an increasinly global marketspace

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15
Q

better formulation of merit volgens s. razak on medical meritocracy

A
  • development of assesors critical consciousness regarding the structural issues in merit assignment
  • alignment of merit criterea
  • inclusive leadership for greater diversity
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16
Q

the value of individual differences

A
  • socially diverse groups are better at accomplishing various tasks: (underrep serve those populations)
  • social diversity in assesors lead to greater diversity in hiering
17
Q

how to develope inclusive notions of merit?

A

engagement and probing:
- whose excellence gets excluded
- who is being held back from participating in merit based forms of competition
- who would shine in the profession if their excellence was appriciated

18
Q

key actions in merit based processes

A
  • socially diverse development and assesment of criteria
  • built-in equity check
  • explicit discussion of the underpining values and assumptions behind how excellence and merit are constructed
19
Q

why is there no need for white women to specify the white part?

A

their race does not contribute to the disadvantage

20
Q

contradiction on black women

A
  • black women are the same and harmed by being treated differently
  • or they are different and harmed by being the same

–> can experience racism in different ways

21
Q

how can black women experience racism

A
  • as white women
  • as black men
  • double discrimination, sex and gender summery
  • as black women not in summery
22
Q

conclusion of demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex by kimberle crenshow

A
  • real effords to free black people must include analyses of sexism and patriachy
  • femisim must include an analyses on race
  • distance from only relevant when related to certain identity able cause
    –> but centerered around life situations without regard of difficultie source
  • politics: no singular issues
  • most discrimination helping also helps singular
23
Q

PR definition

A

a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships bewtween organisation and public

managing public image and reputation

24
Q

Pr gets positive perception from the public for the client by:

A
  • SM
  • speaking
  • strategies for crisis management
  • special events
  • forging buisiness=s connection
  • writing and publicizing press releases
25
Q

what types of PR are there?

A
  • community relations: improving imiage with locals
  • media relations: form of free advertising
  • public affairs: government (law)
  • corporate social involvement: (ethical)
  • crisis management
26
Q

importance of PR

A

maximize effectiveness of the narrative surrounding your organization

27
Q

PR proffessional characterisitics

A
  • strong written and oral communication skills
  • knowlegde of sales, advertising and marketing
  • creative critical thinking
  • can conduct thorough research
  • technological literacy
  • complex and strategic problem- solving
  • service and solution
28
Q

what is communication according to milton j bennet

A

the mutual creation of meaning and of an agreeable position

29
Q

when is information meaningfull according to Milton J. Bennent?

A

when intended and interpreted in a way it attains significance

30
Q

what is a culture?

A

a generalisation how a group coordiantes meaning and action among themselves

–> our human worldview generates meaning

31
Q

difference ethinic and color boundry

A

ethnic boundry rest on a deeper set of institutions than ‘color boundry

32
Q

what is intercultural communication?

A

the mutual creation of meaning across cultures

people of different groups precieving and trying to make sen of one other
and encouraching interaction

33
Q

what is good communication

A

when trying to understand eachother

34
Q

DMIS

A
  • denial: no cultural difference preceived: foreigner
  • defence: difference preceived in simplistic stereotypes: us and them (them = inferior)
  • reversal: polarity of us and them: adapoted culture romantisized
  • minimization: their experiences are shared by all cultures: no appreciation of differences
  • acceptance: see own culture as a number of equally complex ones
  • adaption: trying to organize the world in different ways
  • integration: maintain complex multicultural identities
35
Q

orientalis writing

A

views of middle eastern people as inferior, subservient and in need of saving

–> racist/ romaticesized stereotypes create a worldview that justifies western colonialism and imeprialism

36
Q

what is ‘the orient’

A
  • a semi mytical construct imposed on the middle east
  • not distincting the countries
37
Q

who are ‘the orientals’

A
  • any person/ group east of europe
  • sets of traits and temperaments on a variety of different people
  • discribed as: lazy, suspicious, gullible, mysterious and un truthfull
  • turnt into contrasting inferior image
38
Q

what is an orientalist?

A
  • those who worte about languages and cultures of southwest Asia and north afrika
  • made biased oberservations sientific
39
Q

latent orientalism

A

implicit ideias and believes

40
Q

manifest orientalism

A

policies and ideologies acted upon by institutions

41
Q
A

cross- cultural psych (9 decks)

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