Week 2

Question 1

Tawantinsuyu

Answer 1

Land of the Four
Quarters

Question 2

Atahualpa

Answer 2

was the last effective Inca emperor before his capture from Spain

Question 3

Cuzco

Answer 3

capital of Inca Empire

Question 4

Sacsayhuaman

Answer 4

Sacsayhuaman was the most important military base of the Inca Empire

Question 5

Qorikancha

Answer 5

Coricancha, the Inca temple of the sun, with a Spanish church built on its foundations is one of the most unique places to visit in Cusco.

Question 6

hanan and hurin

Answer 6

The Incas believed in the notion of polarity that was expressed by the words hanan and hurin. Hanan expressed the high, superior, right, masculine, and hurin expressed the low, inferior, left, feminine.

Question 7

7 Attributes of Inca Architecture [IMPORTANT]

Answer 7

1. Masonry
2. Battered walls (entasis)
3. Roofs
4. Single-room structures
5. Trapezoidal openings
6. Terraces
7. Relationship to sacred landscape

Question 8

Inca Masonry [IMPORTANT]

Answer 8

2 main types

Ashlar - masonry made of large square-cut stones, typically used as a facing on walls of brick or stone. (more uniform rectangular shapes like bricks).

Polygonal - The polygonal stones are larger blocks arranged so that their irregular faces are concealed within the wall. They take rocks and piece them together to create that irregular shape.

Question 9

Roofs [IMPORTANT]

Answer 9

2 types of rooves

Gabled roof - A gable roof is a roof consisting of two sections whose upper horizontal edges meet to form its ridge

Hipped roof - A hip roof is a roof where all four sides of the roof slope downwards from the peak.

Question 10

Apus

Answer 10

Sacred Mountains

Question 11

aqsu [IMPORTANT]

Answer 11

traditional Inca woman’s
dress

Question 12

chumpi

Answer 12

belt worn over aqsu

Question 13

wincha

Answer 13

colorful band worn on
head

Question 14

ñañaqa

Answer 14

Inca cloth worn over
wincha

Question 15

lliklla

Answer 15

traditional shawl or mantle

Question 16

cumbi cloth [IMPORTANT]

Answer 16

high-quality cloth, usually worn on special occasions by Inca elites, made from camelid fibers. Made by highly skilled weavers. Women were placed in facilities to do this controlled production.

Question 17

Colcapata [IMPORTANT]

Answer 17

checkerboard) tunic. Used in a military context. It is meant to confuse enemies in combat

Question 18

tucapu [IMPORTANT]

Answer 18

Tunic. Has a lot of little squares with different designs with no systematic orders. Worn by someone of elite status.

Question 19

kuraka

Answer 19

hereditary chiefkuraka

Question 20

mascapaycha

Answer 20

red fringe headband

Question 21

PAINTING: Circle of Basilio de Santa Cruz Pumacallao, The Parish of Saint Sebastian (from the series Corpus Christi de Santa Ana), c. 1675080, oil on canvas, Museo de Arte Religioso, Cuzco, Peru [IMPORTANT]

Answer 21

Corpus Christi means “Body of Christ” in Latin. It is a Catholic celebration that honors the belief that during the Eucharist (Communion). you see a procession featuring the Eucharistic host (the sacramental bread) and a statue of a saint. A bishop carries a special container (called a monstrance) that holds the Eucharistic host. Other important community members, including clergy, government officials, and leaders of the Indigenous Inka population, also join the parade, while wealthy citizens watch from their windows. This annual event highlighted the power of Spanish colonizers over Indigenous people.
In addition to the figures, we see a processional cart in the center, on top of which appears a statue of Saint Sebastian.
Leading the procession is an Inka kuraka who acts as a standard bearer

Feast of Corpus Christi. Wore their attire to emphasize their presence. A man is wearing a tunic combined with European attire (the lace sleeves under the tunic) He is wearing mascapaycha which emphasizes the elite status of the Inca people.

Question 22

anacu: another name for
uncu

Answer 22

large, untailored
rectangular cloth worn
wrapped around the body

Question 23

q’uimillo

Answer 23

?

Question 24

huaca [IMPORTANT]

Answer 24

sacred objects or shrines can be inanimate objects. Offerings would be made to them.

Question 25

single-room structures [IMPORTANT]

Question 26

trapezoidal features (IMPORTANT]

Answer 26

play with the shape like giving them an arch on the top

Question 27

terraces. [IMPORTANT]

Answer 27

helped control the landscape making it more fertile for agricultural purposes.

Question 28

relationship to the sacred landscape [IMPORTANT]

Answer 28

How the Inca believed if you were in a space like Apus (sacred mountains) which is referenced in several artworks like Fransico Chivantito’s Virgin of Montserrat.

Question 29

Cusco (Cuzco) Styled painting [IMPORTANT]

Answer 29

A RESPONSE TO THE ARTIST guild. Indigenous artists were unhappy with the restrictions and developed their style and their artist guilds. These paintings tend to have bright colors, profusion of gold ornament, Indigenous symbolism, and flattened forms. There has been a shift of European-styled paintings that had vanishing points/perspectives.

Question 30

Franciso Chivantitio, Virgin of Montserrat, 1693, oil on canvas, church of Nuestra Senora de montserrat, Chinchero (IMPORTANT)

Answer 30

He borrows from European ideals and his hometown of Chinchero. He separated this space visually having an atrium in front of the church, treating it as a Catholic space. The bottom has elites and depicts Inca architecture. The women in this painting are wearing aqsu (wore indigenous and the men wore more Western). The men in this painting wore clothing more European style.

Question 31

Unknown artist, Virgin of the Mountain of Potosi, 1720 [IMPORTANT]

Answer 31

Mary is portrayed in an Andean quality. Has a dove representing the holy spirit, godfather, Jesus Christ representing the Son, and patrons kneeling before Mary. Mary is built within the mountain of Potosi instead of an actual human. The Spaniards were forcing them to mine silver. European elements with the indigenous. cusco style