Week 11

Question 1

plaza

Answer 1

“fortified village;” continuous perimeter of thick-walled adobe buildings

Question 2

encomienda

Answer 2

“under the encomienda system, all land was ultimately held by the king, but tracts could be granted in his name to individuals by the royal representative.”

Question 3

pueblo

Answer 3

A Spanish word that these foreign settlers used to describe the Indigenous communities of the Rio Grande and Colorado River regions; Spanish word for village or town.

Question 4

adobe

Answer 4

Adobe walls are made from clay, sand, water, and an organic binder like straw or grass.

Question 5

Kiva

Answer 5

A “kiva wall” refers to the wall of a kiva, which is a semi-subterranean, circular ceremonial chamber traditionally built by the Pueblo Native American tribes in the southwestern United States, often featuring painted murals depicting sacred figures and scenes on its interior walls; essentially, it’s the wall of a sacred room used for religious ceremonies and gatherings.

Question 6

santero

Answer 6

saint maker

Question 7

PAINTING:
Bernardo Miera y Pacheo Altar screen dedicated to Our Lady of Light 1761 Volcanic stone, paint Cristo

Answer 7

He left spain and went to Chiwawa Mexico. When he arrived in Mexico, he met his wife and served in Melita. Then he started to make maps (related to his job)

Question 8

PAINTING:
Bernardo Miera …

Answer 8

He paints the interior of New Mexico. He was ordered by the govener to produce a map of New Mexico. It depicts nothern Chiwawa. He depicts: canyons, spanish settlements, and indigenous people, rivers, etc.
On the left side he depicts women of Hopi indeginous group. On the other side of the Cartouche he is identified as a Cosina indean. On the right side of the map, they are identified as Comanche warriors. The animals are supposed to be buffalo. The scale is out of proportions with comparison to the mountains. He is showing to the colonial audience which groups lived here at the time.

Question 9

bulto

Answer 9

images of a saint carved in wood

Question 10

polychrome

Answer 10

decorated in several colors

Question 11

STATUE:
Bernardo Miera y Pacheo St. Micheal Ca. 1774-1777 Wood, gesso, paint, gliding made for the church of our lady of Guadelupe, Zuni Pueblo

STATUE:
Bernardo Miera y Pacheo St. Raphael CA. 1774-1776 Wood, gesso, paint, gliding

Answer 11

He started making religious statures. These are polychrome statues. It depicts early baroque style with a solid stance. Staight forward frontal body positions. Their clothes are carved to appear heavy