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Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which factors are vitamin K dependent?

A

II, VII, IX and X, C and S

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2
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

9 - 12

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3
Q

Extrinsic Pathway

A

Tissue factor and factor VII.

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4
Q

Common meeting point for pathways?

A

X

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5
Q

Warfarin Inhibits….

A

Vitamin K dependent factors (2,7,9,10,)

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6
Q

tPA inhibits?

A

Plasminogen to plasmin

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7
Q

Heparin inhibits?

A

Xa and IIa (thrombin)

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8
Q

Antithrombin acts on?

A

X and thrombin

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9
Q

Protein C acts on?

A

VIIIa and Va

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10
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT) Measures?

A

Extrinsic pathway (VII), and warfarin.

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11
Q

PTT Measures?

A

Both pathways, and heparin.

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12
Q

Acquired protein C deficiency

A

Is caused by warfarin. This leads to warfarin-induced protein C deficiency, and skin necrosis.

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13
Q

Bridging

A

Heparin should be bridged with warfarin during the initial days of therapy to avoid skin necrosis.

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14
Q

Protamine sulfate

A

Reverses Heparin

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15
Q

What is amicar?

A

An antifibrinolytic agent. AKA ECA (aminocaproid acid)

Used for acute bleeding

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16
Q

What can reverse bleeding in a pt on pradaxa?

A

Autoplex T

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17
Q

What factors does DDAVP promote?

A

vWF and VIII

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18
Q

What is used during percutaneous cardiac intervention?

A

GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors

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19
Q

What is used as a hemostatic agent during CABG surgery?

A

Aprotinin

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20
Q

Which disease do you see a rouleaux formation in?

A

MM, you will also see fractures

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21
Q

What does CRAB stand for?

A 
Calcium (elevated)
Renal failure
Anemia
Bone lesions
indicative of MM
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22
Q

What drug will help in spinal cord compression from MM?

A

Corticosteroids (SWELLING!)

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23
Q

Which serum antibody will you see elevated in Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia (WM)

A

IgM

24
Q

Having MM puts you at risk for?

A

Amyloidosis, the deposit of antibodies in organs and joints causing pathology.

25
Q

Cast neuropathy is seen in?

A

MM

26
Q

A plasmacytoma can progress to?

A

MM

27
Q

Which age group is MM seen in?

A

65 and older

28
Q

If you see marked leukocytosis and Auer rods, what would you suspect?

A

Acule Myeloid Leukemia

29
Q

What is gout common in?

A

Myeloid leukemias

30
Q

What is lymphadenopathy common in?

A

Lymphocytic Leukemias

31
Q

A child presenting with leukocytosis and bone pain , organomegaly and lymphadenopathy most likely has?

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

32
Q

Which leukemia is the philadelphia chromosome associated with?

A

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

33
Q

If you see leukemia cutis, soccer balls and smudge cells, what would you suspect?

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

34
Q

In which disorder is the bone marrow replaced with fibrous connective tissue?

A

Primary Myelofibrosis

35
Q

If a patient complains of pruritis post-showering, and burning in the hands an feet, what would you suspect?

A

Polycythemia Vera

36
Q

In which leukemia would you expect to see normal Hct and Platelets?

A

CLL

37
Q

A presence of CD20 and absence of CD56 indicates that It is MM or PML?

A

It indicates Plasma Cell Leukemia

38
Q

A markedly elevated platelet count and history of thrombosis indicates?

A

Essential Thrombocytosis

39
Q

What would you suspect with a normo/normo anemia, Normal WBC count, 0% Retic, and no RBC precursors in the BM?

A

Pure Red Cell Aplasia

40
Q

When the BM is “displaced” into other tissues and many immature, nucleated RBC’s, Dacrocytes (tear-drop), and Blasts are seen in the periphery, what do you suspect?

A

Myelophthisic Anemia

41
Q

Neoplasm =

A

Tumor

42
Q

“Pre-leukemia”

A

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

43
Q

An acutely ill patient presents with severe anemia, pancytopenia, NO spleno or hepatomegaly. What do you suspect?

A

Aplastic Anemia

44
Q

What is the most common etiology of inherited BM failure? MCC and DEB fragility tests are used to Dx.

A

Fanconi’s Anemia.

Developmental abnormalities are also common in this disorder.

45
Q

Platelets being marked by antibodies and being destroyed by the spleen indicate?

A

ITP

46
Q

Occurs after infection in children and is fleeting. Is often chronic in adults. Purpura.

A

ITP

47
Q

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, with schistocytes, bleeding and clotting, Elevated liver enzymes, Clots in brain and kidneys, death.

A

TTP

48
Q

Caused by endothelial damage secondary to infxn (E. coli most common). Bloody diarrhea.

A

HUS

49
Q

A child with IgA Vasculitis, palpable purpura, arthralgias.

A

Henoch-Schonelin Purpura HSP

50
Q

A man with bleeding in joints and a hx of bleeding after surgeries and tooth extractions, Prolonged PTT.

A

Hemophilia

51
Q

A women with prolonged bleeding, easy bruising, bleeding from gums. She needed a transfusion post-delivery 2 years ago.

A

vWD

52
Q

A septic patient who is now simultaneously bleeding and clotting. Every lab is prolonged and he is dying.

A

DIC

53
Q

in vWD, what can you treat bleeding with?

A

DDAVP

54
Q

What should you give to treat gout?

A

Allopurinol

55
Q

How is erythromelalgia best treated, and which disease do you see it in?

A

Aspirin, Polycythemia Vera

56
Q

Hydroxyurea and Alpha interferon are?

A

Myelosuppressive agents

57
Q

What is ADAMTS associated with?

A

TTP

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