Anemia Flashcards
Which cells indicate lead poisoning?
Basophillic Stippling
Poikolocytosis
Change is red blood cell shape
polychromasia
The presence of immature RBC’s in the smear.
Elevated reticulocytes
Nucleated RBC’s
Indicated serious stress on the bone marrow.
Severe bleeding, severe hemolysis
Ominous sign
Hypersegmented neutrophils indicate?
B12 or Folate deficiency
Spherocytes
hereditary spherocytosis and
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Low ferritin level indicates?
Iron deficiency anemia. gold standard
NO iron stores are left
Male hgb range
13.5 - 16.5
Female hgb range
12.0 - 15.0
Male hematocrit range
41 - 50
Female hematocrit range
36 - 44
Normal RDW
Less than 14.5
MCV range
80 - 100
MCH range
26 - 34
Platelet range
100,000 - 450,000
cobalmin
B12
Anisocytosis
Change in size of RBC’s
Cooley’s Anemia
Beta Thalassemia Major
G6PD
Closely linked to Favism
Helps protect red blood cells from oxidative damage.
G6PD deficiency
Non-immune X-linked hereditary disease that causes hemolysis of the RBC
That triggers a G6PD associated hemolytic attack?
Fava Beans, Infection, certain meds.
G5PD deficiency only manifests itself in _______.
Males, because it is X-linked.
Most common in african, middle eastern and south asian.
Which type of Pica is pathognomonic for iron deficiency?
Pagophagia: eating ice.
Both methylmalonic acid and Homocysteine are elevated in?
B12 deficiency
Most common cause of folate deficiency?
Poor diet and alcoholism
Liver disease leads to?
Macrocytosis and target cells
Treatment of chronic renal failure anemia?
EPO (procrit, epoetin)
Normal retic count?
1 - 2%
Is intravascular or extravascular hemolytic anemia more common?
Extravascular, meaning it occurs in the spleen, liver and marrow
What does a positive coombs test indicate?
It is an immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Occurs when vasculature is partially occluded by fibrin
What do schistocytes indicate?
These are also called helmet cells.
INdicate a microangiopathic anemia
Most common is aortic stenosis
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Peripheral smear shows polychromasia and spherocytes
Harrison’s disease
Heriditary hemochromatosis caused by excessive intestinal absorption
Most commonly found in whites
What is the first organ affected in iron overload?
The liver.
What does a transferrin saturation of over 50% indicate?
Iron overload.
An elevated ferritin will also be seen.
What is the treatment for harrison’s disease?
Phlebotomy
Recommended dose of ELEMENTAL iron/day?
150 - 200 mg
Should iron dextran be given IM?
No, it is painful and should be given IV.
If asthma or RA is present, Iron dextran is premedicated with?
125 mg of methylpred then
1mg/kg/day x 4 for RA.
Iron dextran dosage?
1,000 mg can be given at a time over 1 - 6 hours. Dilute in 250 to 1L of NS.
which hormone inactivates ferroportin?
Hepcidin
Which chain is affected in sickle cell anemia?
The beta chain
What should be avoided in a child’s diet?
Cows milk, it competes with iron and decreases the absorption.
What is considered anemic for a pregnant women
Less than 11
Suggested iron intake for pregnancy
30mg/day
To prevent neural tube defects, the women should take folate _______?
Prior to conception and during pregnancy. Build up stores
0.4 mg/day
90% of alcoholics have ________.
Macrocytosis
