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Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells indicate lead poisoning?

A

Basophillic Stippling

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2
Q

Poikolocytosis

A

Change is red blood cell shape

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3
Q

polychromasia

A

The presence of immature RBC’s in the smear.

Elevated reticulocytes

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4
Q

Nucleated RBC’s

A

Indicated serious stress on the bone marrow.
Severe bleeding, severe hemolysis
Ominous sign

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5
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils indicate?

A

B12 or Folate deficiency

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6
Q

Spherocytes

A

hereditary spherocytosis and

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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7
Q

Low ferritin level indicates?

A

Iron deficiency anemia. gold standard

NO iron stores are left

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8
Q

Male hgb range

A

13.5 - 16.5

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9
Q

Female hgb range

A

12.0 - 15.0

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10
Q

Male hematocrit range

A

41 - 50

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11
Q

Female hematocrit range

A

36 - 44

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12
Q

Normal RDW

A

Less than 14.5

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13
Q

MCV range

A

80 - 100

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14
Q

MCH range

A

26 - 34

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15
Q

Platelet range

A

100,000 - 450,000

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16
Q

cobalmin

A

B12

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17
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Change in size of RBC’s

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18
Q

Cooley’s Anemia

A

Beta Thalassemia Major

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19
Q

G6PD

A

Closely linked to Favism

Helps protect red blood cells from oxidative damage.

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20
Q

G6PD deficiency

A

Non-immune X-linked hereditary disease that causes hemolysis of the RBC

21
Q

That triggers a G6PD associated hemolytic attack?

A

Fava Beans, Infection, certain meds.

22
Q

G5PD deficiency only manifests itself in _______.

A

Males, because it is X-linked.

Most common in african, middle eastern and south asian.

23
Q

Which type of Pica is pathognomonic for iron deficiency?

A

Pagophagia: eating ice.

24
Q

Both methylmalonic acid and Homocysteine are elevated in?

A

B12 deficiency

25
Q

Most common cause of folate deficiency?

A

Poor diet and alcoholism

26
Q

Liver disease leads to?

A

Macrocytosis and target cells

27
Q

Treatment of chronic renal failure anemia?

A

EPO (procrit, epoetin)

28
Q

Normal retic count?

A

1 - 2%

29
Q

Is intravascular or extravascular hemolytic anemia more common?

A

Extravascular, meaning it occurs in the spleen, liver and marrow

30
Q

What does a positive coombs test indicate?

A

It is an immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

31
Q

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

A

Occurs when vasculature is partially occluded by fibrin

32
Q

What do schistocytes indicate?

A

These are also called helmet cells.
INdicate a microangiopathic anemia
Most common is aortic stenosis

33
Q

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

Peripheral smear shows polychromasia and spherocytes

34
Q

Harrison’s disease

A

Heriditary hemochromatosis caused by excessive intestinal absorption
Most commonly found in whites

35
Q

What is the first organ affected in iron overload?

A

The liver.

36
Q

What does a transferrin saturation of over 50% indicate?

A

Iron overload.

An elevated ferritin will also be seen.

37
Q

What is the treatment for harrison’s disease?

A

Phlebotomy

38
Q

Recommended dose of ELEMENTAL iron/day?

A

150 - 200 mg

39
Q

Should iron dextran be given IM?

A

No, it is painful and should be given IV.

40
Q

If asthma or RA is present, Iron dextran is premedicated with?

A

125 mg of methylpred then

1mg/kg/day x 4 for RA.

41
Q

Iron dextran dosage?

A

1,000 mg can be given at a time over 1 - 6 hours. Dilute in 250 to 1L of NS.

42
Q

which hormone inactivates ferroportin?

A

Hepcidin

43
Q

Which chain is affected in sickle cell anemia?

A

The beta chain

44
Q

What should be avoided in a child’s diet?

A

Cows milk, it competes with iron and decreases the absorption.

45
Q

What is considered anemic for a pregnant women

A

Less than 11

46
Q

Suggested iron intake for pregnancy

A

30mg/day

47
Q

To prevent neural tube defects, the women should take folate _______?

A

Prior to conception and during pregnancy. Build up stores

0.4 mg/day

48
Q

90% of alcoholics have ________.

A

Macrocytosis

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