Week 17 Heart Disease Flashcards
Cholesterol basics
There are two different types of cholesterol
- Blood cholesterol & Dietary cholesterol
- Blood: Made by the liver to make hormones and digest fatty foods
- Dietary: Found in animal foods- including meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, and dairy products
LDL Cholesterol
LDL: low-density lipoprotein AKA “lousy” cholesterol
• Makes up most of your body’s cholesterol
• High levels of LDL cholesterol raise risk for heart disease and stroke
•Statin lowers LDL
HDL Cholesterol
HDL: high-density lipoprotein AKA “happy/healthy” cholesterol
• Absorbs cholesterol and carries it back to the liver for removal
• High levels of HDL cholesterol can lower your risk for heart disease and stroke
Triglycerides
type of fat in the blood the body uses for energy
Total Cholesterol
LDL+HDL+20% of Triglicerides
Cholesterol Levels Type Desirable Levels Total cholesterol LDL HDL Triglycerides
CHECK EVERY- YRS IF HEATLHY
Type and Desirable Levels
Total cholesterol Less than 200 mg/dL*
LDL “bad” cholesterol Less than 100 mg/dL
HDL “good” cholesterol Greater than or
equal to 60 mg/dL
Triglycerides Less than 150 mg/dL
Risk Factors for High Cholesterol (5)
- Diabetes diagnosis ( INC LDL dec HDL)
- Poor nutrition–
- Excess body fat
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Tobacco (damages blood vessels, collect more fat)
- Age
Family History Factors
High cholesterol can run in families
• Families share behaviors, lifestyles, and environments that can influence their health and disease risk
• Familial Hypercholesterolemia
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- # 2 disease to cancer
- Most common type of heart disease in the United States
- For some people, the first sign of CAD is a heart attack
- CAD is caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the coronary arteries
- Plaque buildup causes could partially or totally block the blood flow (atherosclerosis)
- Angina (chest pain) is the most common symptom of CAD
- CAD can weaken the heart muscle over time- may lead to heart failure or arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)
Ways to diagnose Coronary Artery Disease (5)
Blood pressure, lipid panel, blood sugar levels, family history, lifestyle factors considered
Test to diagnose CAD • ECG/EKG
ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram)
Measures the electrical activity, rate, and regularity of your heartbeat.
Test to diagnose CAD Echocardiogram
Echocardiogram uses ultrasound
to create a picture of the heart.
Test to diagnose CAD Exercise stress test
Measures your heart rate
while you walk on a treadmill. This helps to determine how well your heart is working when it has to pump more blood.
Test to diagnose CAD Chest X-ray
Uses x-rays
to create a picture of the heart, lungs, and other organs in the chest.
Test to diagnose CAD Cardiac catheterization
Checks the inside of your arteries
for blockage by inserting a thin, flexible tube through an artery in the groin, arm, or neck to reach the heart. Measures the strength of blood flow through the heart’s chambers.
Test to diagnose CAD Coronary angiogram
Dye Injected
Monitors blockage and flow of blood through the coronary arteries. Uses X-rays to detect dye injected via cardiac catheterization.
Test to diagnose CAD Coronary artery calcium scan
Calcium
A computed tomography (CT) scan that looks in the coronary arteries for calcium buildup and plaque.
Heart Attack Signs and Symptoms (5)
“Half of all Americans (47%) have at least one of the three key risk factors for heart disease: high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and smoking.”
- Pain in the jaw, neck, or back
- Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint
- Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
- Pain or discomfort in arms or shoulder
- Shortness of breath
• Women’s symptoms may present differently (if at all)
Heart Disease Risk Factors (6)
- Hypertension (the leading cause of stroke)
- High Cholesterol
- Diabetes diagnosis
- Poor nutrition– excessive fat , more than 2300 gm salt
- Having excess body fat
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Use of tobacco
- Too much alcohol
Family History Factors
Heart disease can run in families
• Families share behaviors, lifestyles, and environments that can influence their health and disease risk
• Risk increases even more when heredity is combined with unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as smoking cigarettes and eating an unhealthy diet
Other Characteristic Considerations (3(
Age- increases with age
Sex- #1 killer both men and women
race- “Heart disease is the leading cause of death for people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and Caucasians. For Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and Hispanics, heart disease is second only to cancer.”
Atherosclerosis
Arteries are narrowing due to plaque
