Week 17 Heart Disease Flashcards
Cholesterol basics
There are two different types of cholesterol
- Blood cholesterol & Dietary cholesterol
- Blood: Made by the liver to make hormones and digest fatty foods
- Dietary: Found in animal foods- including meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, and dairy products
LDL Cholesterol
LDL: low-density lipoprotein AKA “lousy” cholesterol
• Makes up most of your body’s cholesterol
• High levels of LDL cholesterol raise risk for heart disease and stroke
•Statin lowers LDL
HDL Cholesterol
HDL: high-density lipoprotein AKA “happy/healthy” cholesterol
• Absorbs cholesterol and carries it back to the liver for removal
• High levels of HDL cholesterol can lower your risk for heart disease and stroke
Triglycerides
type of fat in the blood the body uses for energy
Total Cholesterol
LDL+HDL+20% of Triglicerides
Cholesterol Levels Type Desirable Levels Total cholesterol LDL HDL Triglycerides
CHECK EVERY- YRS IF HEATLHY
Type and Desirable Levels
Total cholesterol Less than 200 mg/dL*
LDL “bad” cholesterol Less than 100 mg/dL
HDL “good” cholesterol Greater than or
equal to 60 mg/dL
Triglycerides Less than 150 mg/dL
Risk Factors for High Cholesterol (5)
- Diabetes diagnosis ( INC LDL dec HDL)
- Poor nutrition–
- Excess body fat
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Tobacco (damages blood vessels, collect more fat)
- Age
Family History Factors
High cholesterol can run in families
• Families share behaviors, lifestyles, and environments that can influence their health and disease risk
• Familial Hypercholesterolemia
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- # 2 disease to cancer
- Most common type of heart disease in the United States
- For some people, the first sign of CAD is a heart attack
- CAD is caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the coronary arteries
- Plaque buildup causes could partially or totally block the blood flow (atherosclerosis)
- Angina (chest pain) is the most common symptom of CAD
- CAD can weaken the heart muscle over time- may lead to heart failure or arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)
Ways to diagnose Coronary Artery Disease (5)
Blood pressure, lipid panel, blood sugar levels, family history, lifestyle factors considered
Test to diagnose CAD • ECG/EKG
ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram)
Measures the electrical activity, rate, and regularity of your heartbeat.
Test to diagnose CAD Echocardiogram
Echocardiogram uses ultrasound
to create a picture of the heart.
Test to diagnose CAD Exercise stress test
Measures your heart rate
while you walk on a treadmill. This helps to determine how well your heart is working when it has to pump more blood.
Test to diagnose CAD Chest X-ray
Uses x-rays
to create a picture of the heart, lungs, and other organs in the chest.
Test to diagnose CAD Cardiac catheterization
Checks the inside of your arteries
for blockage by inserting a thin, flexible tube through an artery in the groin, arm, or neck to reach the heart. Measures the strength of blood flow through the heart’s chambers.
