Week 16-Developmental Theories Flashcards
What did skinner discover with children and attention?
Receiving attention is a powerful reinforcer for young children. They will act out I hopes of receiving attention even if it is negative.
-and that it is more difficult to extinguish reinforced behaviour.
What was B. F Skinner interested in? What did he believe?
What motivates us. He believe that people tend to repeat behaviours that are rewarded and avoid behaviours with unfavourable outcomes.
What did Jean Piaget theorize?
That humans develop through a series of four stages that roughly map onto key ages.
What cyclic process does Piaget believe that our progressions through these stages is marked by the building of schemata?
- Assimilation: process by which new info about the world is incorporated into existing schemata.
- accommodation: process by which existing schemata are modified or changed by new experiences.
- Equilibration: process within Piaget’s theory that recognizes schemata.
What Are Piaget’s four stages?
- Sensorimotor (age 0-2)
- Pre operational (age 2-6)
- Concrete Operational (7-12)
- Formal operational (12-adult)
Describe the first stage in Piaget’s theory: sensorimotor stage
First period in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, lasting from birth to two years and marked by an orderly progression of increasingly complex cognitive development
- object permanence
- rudimentary symbolic thinking
Describe Piaget’s second stage: Pre-Operational stage.
2nd development stage.
Representing the four to five year transitional period between first being able to think symbolically and being able to think logically.
-egocentrism
-cant master conservation problems
Describe Piaget’s third stage: Concrete Operational Stage
3rd stage.
Children come to understand conservation, perspective talking, and other concepts, such as categorization.
Describe Piaget’s fourth stage: Formal Operational stage
4th and final stage
-individuals first become capable of more formal kinds of abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning.
Piaget’s theory does not account for _________.
Variability
What is socio culture theory?
The theory of cognitive development that places emphasis on environmental factors, including cultural influences.
What is it called when one has the tendency to look another in an ambitious situation to obtain clarifying information?
Social referencing.
What is Vygotsky’s theory called and what is it?
Zone of Proximal Development: the increased potential for problem solving a s conceptual ability that exists for a child expert mentoring and guidance are available
Erikson looked at social development with a longer or shorter span?
Longer….
How many stages are Eriksons theory?
8!
How did Brkndenbrenner view development? What was his theory called and what was it?
Viewed developing person as a number of overlapping systems.
- Ecological systems model
- Microsystems, mesosystems, exosystems, macrosystems, chronsystems.
Describe Bronfenbrenner’s Microsystem
Consists of you an your relationships with those in your imidiate surroundings.
Describe Bronfenbrenner’s Meso system
Connections between different relationships you have with out ecosystem.
Describe Bronfenbrenner’s Macro system
Refers to larger social constructs that shape environment in les direct ways.
Describe Bronfenbrenner’s Chrono system
Encompasses historical changes that influence development and those systems that surround us.
What is Social cognitive theory ?
View of psychologists who emphasize behaviour, environment, and cognition as the key factors in development.
What is reciprocal determinism?
a person behaviour is both influenced by and influences his or her attitudes and behaviours and the environment.
What is Perceived Self-Efficacy ?
Individuals perception of his or her ability to master a situation an produce favourable outcomes.
What is Theory Theory?
It proposes that children learn much about the world similar to the way scientists do. They are actively experimenting to test and revise their models on the world.
