Week 16-Developmental Theories

Question 0

What did skinner discover with children and attention?

Answer 0

Receiving attention is a powerful reinforcer for young children. They will act out I hopes of receiving attention even if it is negative.
-and that it is more difficult to extinguish reinforced behaviour.

Question 1

What was B. F Skinner interested in? What did he believe?

Answer 1

What motivates us. He believe that people tend to repeat behaviours that are rewarded and avoid behaviours with unfavourable outcomes.

Question 2

What did Jean Piaget theorize?

Answer 2

That humans develop through a series of four stages that roughly map onto key ages.

Question 3

What cyclic process does Piaget believe that our progressions through these stages is marked by the building of schemata?

Answer 3

• Assimilation: process by which new info about the world is incorporated into existing schemata.
• accommodation: process by which existing schemata are modified or changed by new experiences.
• Equilibration: process within Piaget’s theory that recognizes schemata.

Question 4

What Are Piaget’s four stages?

Answer 4

1. Sensorimotor (age 0-2)
2. Pre operational (age 2-6)
3. Concrete Operational (7-12)
4. Formal operational (12-adult)

Question 5

Describe the first stage in Piaget’s theory: sensorimotor stage

Answer 5

First period in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, lasting from birth to two years and marked by an orderly progression of increasingly complex cognitive development

• object permanence
• rudimentary symbolic thinking

Question 6

Describe Piaget’s second stage: Pre-Operational stage.

Answer 6

2nd development stage.
Representing the four to five year transitional period between first being able to think symbolically and being able to think logically.
-egocentrism
-cant master conservation problems

Question 7

Describe Piaget’s third stage: Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 7

3rd stage.

Children come to understand conservation, perspective talking, and other concepts, such as categorization.

Question 8

Describe Piaget’s fourth stage: Formal Operational stage

Answer 8

4th and final stage

-individuals first become capable of more formal kinds of abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning.

Question 9

Piaget’s theory does not account for _________.

Answer 9

Variability

Question 10

What is socio culture theory?

Answer 10

The theory of cognitive development that places emphasis on environmental factors, including cultural influences.

Question 11

What is it called when one has the tendency to look another in an ambitious situation to obtain clarifying information?

Answer 11

Social referencing.

Question 12

What is Vygotsky’s theory called and what is it?

Answer 12

Zone of Proximal Development: the increased potential for problem solving a s conceptual ability that exists for a child expert mentoring and guidance are available

Question 13

Erikson looked at social development with a longer or shorter span?

Answer 13

Longer….

Question 14

How many stages are Eriksons theory?

Answer 14

8!

Question 15

How did Brkndenbrenner view development? What was his theory called and what was it?

Answer 15

Viewed developing person as a number of overlapping systems.

• Ecological systems model
• Microsystems, mesosystems, exosystems, macrosystems, chronsystems.

Question 16

Describe Bronfenbrenner’s Microsystem

Answer 16

Consists of you an your relationships with those in your imidiate surroundings.

Question 17

Describe Bronfenbrenner’s Meso system

Answer 17

Connections between different relationships you have with out ecosystem.

Question 18

Describe Bronfenbrenner’s Macro system

Answer 18

Refers to larger social constructs that shape environment in les direct ways.

Question 19

Describe Bronfenbrenner’s Chrono system

Answer 19

Encompasses historical changes that influence development and those systems that surround us.

Question 20

What is Social cognitive theory ?

Answer 20

View of psychologists who emphasize behaviour, environment, and cognition as the key factors in development.

Question 21

What is reciprocal determinism?

Answer 21

a person behaviour is both influenced by and influences his or her attitudes and behaviours and the environment.

Question 22

What is Perceived Self-Efficacy ?

Answer 22

Individuals perception of his or her ability to master a situation an produce favourable outcomes.

Question 23

What is Theory Theory?

Answer 23

It proposes that children learn much about the world similar to the way scientists do. They are actively experimenting to test and revise their models on the world.