Week 15-Development

Question 0

What is an embryo?

Answer 0

The cell development stage preceding the foetus

Question 1

What is a zygote?

Answer 1

A single new cell formed at conception

Question 2

What is the germinal period?

Answer 2

The first two weeks after the sperm and egg unite

Question 3

What is a gamete?

Answer 3

A mature male or female cell used for reproduction

Question 4

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 4

A cell that contains only one set of chromosomes

Question 5

What is a diploid?

Answer 5

A cell containing both sets of chromosomes

Question 6

What are stem cells?

Answer 6

An undifferentiated cell that can divide and produce any one of a variety of differentiated cells.

Question 7

What are the three layers of the embryo?

Answer 7

Endoderm -innermost layer. Primary germ cell layers of embryo
Mesoderm -middle layer
Ectoderm -outermost layer

Question 8

What is the embryos precursor to the central nervous system?

Answer 8

Neural tube

Question 9

What is Neurulation?

Answer 9

The formation of the embryonic nervous system, which will then develop into the brain and central nervous system.

Question 10

What is Neural Migration?

Answer 10

The process through which neurons move, grow, and connect as the basic neural tube develops into a more mature brain.

Question 11

What is apoptosis?

Answer 11

The genetically programmed process of cell death as part of normal development or normal functioning of cells and organs.

Question 12

What are teratogens?

Answer 12

External compounds that can cause extreme deviations from typical development. Common teratogens are alcohol, tobacco products, prescription drugs, diseases.

Question 13

What reflex is present from birth till death?

Answer 13

The eye blink

Question 14

Name two reflexes that eventually disappear or are replace by voluntary behaviours.

Answer 14

Rooting and sucking (both are crucial to feeding)

Question 15

What is synaptic pruning?

Answer 15

Facilitates a change in neural structure by reducing the overall number of synapses, leaving more efficient synaptic configurations. Happens throughout life.

Question 16

What is Experience-Dependent Plasticity?

Answer 16

Te ability of the nervous system to wire and rewire itself in response to lasting changes in experience.

Question 17

What is Experience-Expectant Plasticity?

Answer 17

Development that will not happen unless a particular experience occurs during its crucial period.

Question 18

What is Myelination?

Answer 18

The development of the myelin sheath around the axons of neurons. This sheath insulates the neurons from each other and increases the speed at which neurons transmit information.

Question 19

What is ‘the time at which the human body begins to enter sexual maturity, marking the beginning of adolescence’ called?

Answer 19

Puberty

Question 20

Describe the foetal period

Answer 20

Final period. Continues from 9th week after conception until birth. At this time foetus weighs 30grams and is approx 4 centimetres long. 10 weeks foetus makes breathing like motions. 4th month sleep and awake patterns begin to emerge. Vestibular system (required sense of balance) begins to develop. Foetal heart beat changes in response to mothers voice.