Week 14 - Ch 32, 33 Flashcards
Advances in technology have made it possible to assess hypothalamic-pituitary function by newly developed imaging and radioimunoassay methods. When baseline tests are not sufficient, what suppression test gives information about combined hypothalamic-pituitary function?
a. GH suppression test
b. ACTH suppression test
c. Cortisol suppression test
d. Prolactin suppression test
a. GH suppression test
Growth hormone is secreted by adults as well as by children. Growth hormone deficiency in children is treated by injections of GH on a daily basis. When teaching a family or child to give injections of GH, what is it important to teach them?
a. Give the injections in the morning so the peak effect is before noon, like the body does.
b. Give the injections at bedtime to produce the greatest effect at night, like the body does.
c. Give the injections about 3 in the afternoon to produce the greatest effect in the evening, like the body does.
d. Give the injections in te early afternoon to produce the greatest effect at dinner time, like the body does.
b. Give the injections at bedtime to produce the greatest effect at night, like the body does.
Growth hormone exerts its effects on the body in many ways. Which of these are effects of GH? (Mark all that apply.)
a. Enhances fatty acid mobilization
b. Increases insulin levels
c. Facilitates the rate of protein synthesis
d. Decreases ACTH production
e. Decreases use of fatty acids for fuel
a, b, c (enhances fatty acid mobilization, increases insulin levels, facilitates the rate of protein synthesis)
Acromegaly is a disorder that is caused by the production of excessive GH in the adult. Because the person cannot grow taller, the soft tissues continue to grow, presenting a very distinctive appearance. What is it that is distinctive in a person with acromegaly?
a. Small hands and feet compared to length of arms and legs
b. Broad, bulbous nose and a protruding lower jaw
c. Slanting forehead and a receding lower jaw
d. Protruding lower jaw and forehead
b. Broad, bulbous nose and a protruding lower jaw
Precocious puberty is a disorder that occurs in both boys and girls. What does precocious puberty cause in adults?
a. Early menopause in females
b. Early erectile dysfunction problems in males
c. Short stature in adults
d. Gigantism in adults
c. Short stature in adults
When the assessment of thyroid autoantibodies is performed, what is the suspected diagnosis?
a. Goiter
b. Thyroid tumor
c. Congenital hypothyroidism
d. Hashimoto thyroiditis
d. Hashimoto thyroiditis
An elderly woman is brought to the emergency department by her family. They relate to the nurse that the client has had mental status changes and cannot remember her grandchildren’s names. They go on to say that she is intolerant of cold and is lethargic. On physical examination the nurse notes that the client has a husky voice, her face is puffy around the eyes, and her tongue appears to be enlarged. What diagnosis would the nurse suspect?
a. Myxedema
b. Hashimoto thyroiditis
c. Hyperthyroidism
d. Congenital hypothyroidism
a. Myxedema
Hyperthyroidism that is inadequately treated can cause a life-threatening condition known as a thyroid storm. What are the manifestations of a thyroid storm? (Mark all that apply.)
a. Tachycardia
b. Very low fever
c. Delirium
d. Bradycardia
e. Very high fever
a, c, e (tachycardia, delirium, very high fever)
At times, it is necessary to give medications that suppress the adrenal glands on a long-term basis. When the suppression of the adrenals becomes chronic, the adrenal glands atrophy. What does the abrupt withdrawal of these suppressive drugs cause?
a. Acute adrenal hyperplasia
b. Acute adrenal insufficiency
c. Acute adrenal hypoplasia
d. Acute adrenal cortical hyperplasia
b. Acute adrenal insufficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a congenital disorders in which a deficiency exists in any of the enzymes necessary for the synthesis of cortisol. Infants of both sexes are affected, although boys are not diagnosed at birth unless of enlarged genitalia. Female infants often have ambiguous genitalia because of the oversecretion of adrenal androgens. What are the manifestations of the ambiguous genitalia caused by congenital adrena hyperplasia?
a. Small clitoris, fused labia, and urogenital sinus
b. Small clitoris, open labia, and urogenital sinus
c. Enlarged clitoris, fused labia, and urogenital sinus
d. Enlarged clitoris, open labia, and urogenital sinus
c. Enlarged clitoris, fused labia, and urogenital sinus
In Addison disease the majority of the adrenal cortex has been destroyed. This causes a lack of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Therapy consists of oral replacement with what drug?
a. Cortisol
b. Aldosterone
c. Glucocorticoid
d. Hydrocortisone
d. Hydrocortisone
In an acute adrenal crisis, the onset of symptoms is sudden, and in the case of Addison disease, can be precipitated by exposure to a minor illness or stress. What are the manifestations of acute adrenal crisis? (Mark all that apply.)
a. Hypertension
b. Muscle weakness
c. Dehydration
d. Altered mental status
e. Vascular collapse
a, b, c, e (hypertension, muscle weakness, dehydration, vascular collapse)
The hallmark manifestations of Cushing syndrome are a moon face, a “buffalo hump” between the shoulder blades, and a protruding abdomen. What other manifestations of Cushing syndrome occur?
a. Thin extremities and muscle weakness
b. Muscle wasting and thickened extremities
c. Muscle weakness and thickened extremities
d. Thin extremities and increased strength
a. Thin extremities and muscle weakness
The pancreas is an endocrine organ that is composed of the acini and the islets of Langerhans. The islets of Langerhans have alpha, beta, and delta cells as well as the PP cell. Which cells secrete insulin?
a. Alpha cells
b. Beta cells
c. Delta cells
d. PP cells
b. Beta cells
Hormones that counteract insulin’s storage function when regulating blood glucose during times when glucose intake is limited or glucose stores are depleted called counter-regulatory hormones. What are the counter regulatory hormones? (Mark all that apply.)
a. Glucocorticoids
b. Growth hormone
c. Catecholamines
d. Mineralocorticoids
e. Glucagon
a, b, c, e (glucocorticoids, growth hormone, catecholamines, glucagon)
