Chs 22, 23 (Respiratory) Flashcards
A 23-year-old woman goes to the drug store to buy a medication to ease the symptoms of her cold. Her friends have told her to buy a medication with an antihistamine in it to help dry up her runny nose and make it easier to breath. The woman talks with the pharmacist, who has known her many years. The pharmacist recommends that this young woman not buy a cold medication with a decongestant in it. Why would he do that?
a. Client has history of hyperthyroidism
b. Client has history of hypotension
c. Client has history of type I diabetes mellitus
d. Client has history of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
a. Client has history of hyperthyroidism
The early stages of influenza pass by as if the infection were any other viral infection. What is the distinguishing feature of an influenza viral infection that makes it different from other viral infections?
a. Slow onset of upper respiratory symptoms
b. Rapid onset of profound malaise
c. Slow onset of fever and chills
d. Rapid onset of productive cough
b. Rapid onset of profound malaise
Influenza A subtype H5N1 has been documented in poultry in both East and Southeast Asian Countries. This form of Avian flu (bird flu) is highly contagious from bird to bird, but rarely is passed from human to human. There is a large amount of concern that the H5N1 strain might mutate, making it easier to be passed from human to human, carrying with it a high mortality rate. What is the main concern if the H5N1 strain does mutate?
a. An epidemic in Southeast Asia
b. Inability to develop a vaccine for the newly infected poultry
c. Initiation of a pandemic
d. Several small pockets of infection so widespread it will be difficult to control them
c. Initiation of a pandemic
Community-acquired pneumonia can be categorized according to several indexes. What are these indexes? (Mark all that apply.)
a. Radiologic findings
b. Serologic findings
c. Age
d. Presence of coexisting disease
e. Need for hosptalization in long-term care facility
a, c, d (Radiologic findings, age, presence of coexisting disease)
An immunocompromised host is open to pneumonia from all types of organisms. There is, however, a correlation between specific types of immunologic deficits and specific invading organisms. What organism is most likely to cause pneumonia in an immunocompromised host with neutropenia and impaired granulocyte function?
a. B-Hemolytic streptococcus
b. Gram-positive bacilli
c. Eosinophilic bacillus subtilis
d. Haemophilus influenza
e. Staphylococcus aureus
e. Staphylococcus aureus
Elderly people are very susceptible to pneumonia in all its varieties. The symptoms the elderly exhibit can be very different than those of other age groups who have pneumonia. What signs and symptoms are elderly people with pneumonia less likely to experience than people with pneumonia in other age groups?
a. Marked elevation in temperature
b. Loss of appetite
c. Deterioration in mental status
d. Pleuritic pain
a. Marked elevation in temperature
Tuberculosis is a highly destructive disease because the tubercle bacillus activates a tissue hypersensitivity to the tubercular antigens. What does the destructive nature of tuberculosis cause in a previously unexposed immunocompetent person?
a. Cavitation and rapidly progressing pulmonary lesions
b. Caseating necrosis and cavitation
c. Rapidly progressing lesions and purulent necrosis
d. Caseating necrosis and purulent pulmonary lesions
b. Caseating necrosis and cavitation
Coccidiodomycosis is a pulmonary fungal infection resembling tuberculosis. Less severe forms of the infection are treated with oral antifungal medications. For persons with progressive disease, what is the drug of choice?
a. IV fluconazole
b. IV BCG
c. IV amphotericin B
d. IV rifampin
c. IV amphotericin B
Non-small cell lung cancerls (NSCLCs) mimic Small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) through their abilities to do what?
a. Synthesize bioactive products and produce pan-neoplastic syndromes
b. Neutralize bioactive products, which produce paraneoplastic syndromes
c. Produce paraneoplastic syndromes and synthesize adrendocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d. Synthesize bioactive products and produce paraneoplastic syndromes
d. Synthesize bioactive products and produce paraneoplastic syndromes
Premature infants who are treated with mechanical ventilation, mostly for respiratory distress syndrome, are at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease. What are the signs and symptoms of BPD?
a. Rapid and shallow breathing and chest retractions
b. Weight loss and a barrel chest
c. Tachycardia and slow shallow breathing
d. A barrel chest and rapid weight gain
a. Rapid and shallow breathing and chest retractions
For each of the following conditions, identify where it occurs in the respiratory tract of children: upper airway or lower airway. Epiglottitis Acute bronchiolitis Asthma Spasmodic croup Laryngotracheobronchitis
Epiglottitis - upper airway Acute bronchiolitis - lower airway Asthma - lower airway Spasmodic croup - upper airway Laryngotracheobronchitis - upper airway
What is the underlying cause of respiratory failure in a child with bronchiolitis?
a. Obstructive process
b. Impaired gas exchange
c. Hypoxemia and hypercapnia
d. Metabolic acidosis
b. Impaired gas exchange
There can be many reasons for a patient to present with hypoxemia. For a client’s PO2 to fall, a respiratory disease is usually involved. Often, patient have involvement from more than one mechanism. Match the mechanism involved with the end result (hypoxemia or decreased levels of PO2).
Decreased oxygen in air
Inadequate circulation through pulmonary capillaries
Hypoventilation
Disease in respiratory system
Mismatched ventilation and perfusion
Dysfunction of neurologic system
Decreased oxygen in air - hypoxemia
Inadequate circulation through pulmonary capillaries - decreased PO2
Hypoventilation - decreased PO2
Disease in respiratory system - hypoxemia
Mismatched ventilation and perfusion - decreased PO2
Dysfunction of neurologic system - hypoxemia
When CO2 levels in the blood rise, a state of hypercapnia occurs n the body. What factors contribute to hypercapnia? (Mark all that apply.)
a. Alteration in carbon dioxide production
b. Abnormalities in respiratory system
c. Disturbance in gas exchange function
d. Decrease in carbon dioxide production
e. Changes in neural control of respiration
a, b, c, e (Alteration in carbon dioxide production, abnormailities in respiratory function, disturbance in gas exchange function, changes in neural control of respiration)
The complications of a hemothorax can impact the total body. Left untreated, what can a moderate or large hemothorax cause?
a. Calcification of the lung tissue
b. Fibrothorax
c. Pleuritis
d. Atelectasis
b. Fibrothorax
