Week 13 Flashcards
What is ICF:
Intracellular fluid is the fluid inside the cells
What is ECF:
Extracellular fluid is any fluid outside the cells and could be:
Intravascular: inside the vascular compartment
Extravascular: outside the vascular component i.e.
Interstitial: in between tissue cells
3rd spaces: in cavities for example, peritoneal cavity (ascites) or thoracic cavity (cardiac tamponade
What % does ICF make up of the body’s fluid
Intracellular fluid (ICF) – makes up approximately 2/3 of the body’s fluid and 40% of total body weight.
What % does ECF make up of the body’s fluid
extracellular fluid (ECF) – makes up approximately 1/3 of the body’s fluid and 20% (15% interstitial/ 5% plasma) of total body weight.
What is Osmosis:
Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low high concentration of particle/solutes to an area of high concentration
What is Osmolality/Osmolality:
refers to the concentration of solutes or particles in fluid.
How is fluid balanced maintained through Hypothalamic Regulation
receptors in the hypothalamus detect change in osmolality (milliosmoles per kg)
How is fluid balanced maintained through Renal Regulation:
kidneys regulate water balance through adjustments in urine volume & excretion of most electrolytes
What does the Antidiuretic Hormone do?
Decrease urine production
Decrease sweat
Increase blood pressure
If fluid is in a deficit what does the Antidiuretic Hormone do?
ADH is released
If fluid volume is excess what does the Antidiuretic Hormone do?
ADH is inhibited
+ve electrolyte particles =
cations
-ve electrolyte particles =
anions
Sodium (Na+) role 135-145 MMOL/L
Main cation of ECF
Influences water distribution between ECF and ICF
Important for the transmission of nerve impulses
Important for muscle contractility
Plays a role in the regulation of acid-base balance of the body
What is hyponatremia?
less than 135mmol/L of sodium
What is hypernatremia
Excess sodium greater than 145mmol/L
Potassium role and normal range
3.5-5.5 mmol/L
Major ICF cation (98% of potassium is intracellular).
Plasma potassium levels are the ones measured.
Nerve impulse transmission & important in setting the resting membrane potential-
Maintenance of normal cardiac rhythm
Skeletal and smooth muscle contractions
Aids in acid-base balance.
Cellular metabolism.
Released when cells are destroyed.
ECG of hypokalaemia
Flattened T wave
U wave
ST segment depression