Week 12 Terms: Polarization

Question 1

Affective Polarization

Answer 1

Type of political polarization that is based in a principled dislike for the outgroup and incurs emotional responses to other groups

Question 2

Ideological Polarization

Answer 2

Type of political polarization that relates to the level that citizens have differing ideological beliefs on certain political issues.

Question 3

Elite Polarization

Answer 3

Division amongst office holders, party officials, policy intellectuals, and activists

Question 4

Mass Polarization

Answer 4

Division amongst the electorate, regular voters, and citizens

Question 5

Partisan Sorting

Answer 5

Partisan sorting is when individuals realign with political parties that better suit their ideologies and can reflect partisan polarization, although not the same.

Question 6

Motivated Reasoning

Answer 6

Motivated reasoning is a consequence of polarization that refers to the idea that emotional biases lead to decisions based on their desirability rather than their logical reasonings.

Question 7

Social Identity Theory

Answer 7

A theory rooted in the idea that individuals find value in group membership and that group affiliation is essential to our sense of self.

Question 8

Confirmation Bias

Answer 8

By-product of polarization that states that individuals tend to interpret new evidence as something that confirms their already present beliefs.

Question 9

Selective Exposure

Answer 9

By-product of polarization that states that individuals are more selective about the media that they are exposed to in hopes that it will confirm their beliefs.

Question 10

Echo Chamber

Answer 10

Self explanatory