Week 12 - Systematic Review

Question 1

which research design is a systematic review primarily?

Answer 1

primarily: exploratory/observational

also explanatory/experimental and less so descriptive/qualitative

Question 2

done or acting according to a fixed plan or system: methodical

Answer 2

systematic

Question 3

a critical appraisal of a book, play or other work

Answer 3

review

Question 4

a document often written by a panel that provides a comprehensive review of all relevant studies on a particular clinical or health-related topic/question.

Answer 4

systematic review

Question 5

when is the systematic review created?

Answer 5

after reviewing and combining all the info from both published and unpublished studies and then summarizing the findings

Question 6

name 5 components that make a review “systematic.”

Answer 6

• based on a clearly formulated question
• identifies relevant studies
• appraises quality of studies
• summarizes evidence by use of explicit methodology
• comments based on evidence gathered

Question 7

name 5 reasons why we need systematic reviews.

Answer 7

• minimize the impact of bias/errors
• can help to end confusion
• highlight where there is not sufficient evidence
• combining findings from different studies can highlight new findings
• can mitigate the need for further trials

Question 8

name the 3 most common types of systematic reviews.

Answer 8

• intervention
• prognostic
• measurement

Question 9

to assess the evidence about the effects of a healthcare intervention

Answer 9

intervention systematic review

Question 10

to assess the evidence of models or predictors of patient outcomes

Answer 10

prognostic systematic review

Question 11

to assess the properties of health-status instruments or tools

Answer 11

measurement systematic reviews

Question 12

name the 3 main steps in process of creating a systematic review.

Answer 12

1. planning the review
2. conducting the review
3. reporting and dissemination

Question 13

• identification of the need for the review
• preparation of a proposal for a systematic review
• development of a review protocol

Answer 13

planning the review

Question 14

• identification of the literature
• selection of studies
• appraise quality of papers
• abstracting data from papers
• analysis and interpretation of data

Answer 14

conducting the review

Question 15

• the report and recommendations

- getting evidence into practice

Answer 15

reporting and dissemination

Question 16

step 1: the best and most useful questions are ones that are… (what 4 things)

Answer 16

• specific, not too broad and not too narrow
• can be answered with evidence (rather than ask for a value judgment)
• are not questions where all stakeholders agree on what ought to be done
• concern areas of controversy, or issues where we plainly have no idea of what the best course of action is, but there might be literature that might help decide.

Question 17

the best questions to guide a systematic review of the evidence and the development of guidelines are ones that have been developed following which format?

Answer 17

PICOT

Question 18

what does PICOT stand for?

Answer 18

population
intervention
comparator
outcome(s)
time point

Question 19

name the 4 steps of writing a systematic review.

Answer 19

1. come up with a research question.
2. identify relevant publications
3. appraise quality of studies
4. summarize evidence

Question 20

your development plan for identifying literature should include which 4 components.

Answer 20

1. criteria for the literature search - key words, databases, dates to include
2. inclusion and exclusion criteria
3. types of studies you want to include
4. a timeline for your project

Question 21

name the 3 ways classes of studies.

Answer 21

class I
class II
class III

Question 22

prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with masked outcome assessment, in a representative population.

Answer 22

class I

Question 23

name the 4 components of class I.

Answer 23

• primary outcome(s) is clearly defined.
• exclusion/inclusion criteria are clearly defined.
• adequate accounting for dropouts and crossovers with numbers sufficiently low to have minimal potential for bias.
• relevant baseline characteristics are presented and substantially equivalent among treatment groups or there is appropriate statistical adjustment for differences.

Question 24

prospective matched group cohort study in a representative population with masked outcome assessment that meets a-d of class I OR a randomized, controlled clinical trial in a representative population that lacks one criterion a-d.

Answer 24

class II

Question 25

all other controlled trials (including well-defined natural history controls or patients serving as own controls) in a representative population, where outcome assessment is independent of patient treatment.

Answer 25

class III

Question 26

evidence from uncontrolled studies, case series, case reports, or expert opinion.

Answer 26

class IV

Question 27

includes all of the articles on a particular topic

Answer 27

literature review

Question 28

has exclusion and inclusion criteria, won’t include all of the articles about a topic, but a select few articles, follows a specific format

Answer 28

systematic review

Question 29

what is the goal of a systematic review?

Answer 29

to answer the research question

Question 30

inclusion and exclusion criteria for a systematic review is based on what?

Answer 30

research question (PICOT)

Question 31

Which type of systematic review is this? -The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds
of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare.
-The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder
disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare (Ludvigsson,
2020).

Answer 31

prognostic

Question 32

Which type of systematic review is this?
-to assess the quality of evidence that supports the role of occupational
therapy with homeless people.
-The literature suggests that occupational therapy has an appropriate role with people
experiencing homelessness (Thomas et al., 2011).

Answer 32

intervention systematic review

Question 33

name an example of a measurement systematic review.

Answer 33

covid tests

Question 34

• when you want to review a topic in a systematic way
• less guided by a question, more guided by a specific topic
• don’t have to assess level (appraise quality of evidence)

Answer 34

scoping review

Question 35

what is the main difference between a scoping review and a systematic review?

Answer 35

don’t have to assess level (appraise quality) of evidence in scoping review

Question 36

name an example of class I evidence.

Answer 36

randomized controlled trial (explanatory)

Question 37

if you have enough studies or articles it could become a type of practice; you could actually use it in the clinic.

Answer 37

practice standards

Question 38

something that could be recommended for use in practice but is not considered standard

Answer 38

practice guidelines

Question 39

small studies, case studies, quasi-experimental design - start to see evidence but it’s not quite there but could be an option

Answer 39

practice option

Question 40

what is the difference between a meta-analysis and systematic reivew?

Answer 40

meta-analysis analyzes effect size estimates (takes the statistical means and standard deviations from each of the studies to create your own data set and create new statistical evidence)