Week 1 Lecture Flashcards
claims that are touted as scientifically proven and strengthened by fervent, public testimonials of believers who have experienced, first hand, or who have claimed to have witnessed the phenomenon. But such evidence is not based on the principles of the scientific method.
pseudoscience
a formal way of knowing that is exclusively reliant on objective, empirical investigation.
scientific methods
a structured process of investigating facts and theories and exploring connections, with the purpose of improving individual and public health.
clinical research
strives to capture naturally occurring phenomena following a tradition of social constructivism. Exploring different phenomena, studying experiences of people
qualitative research
based on a philosophy of logical positivism, which human experience is assumed to be based on logical and controlled relationships among defined variables.
quantitative research
directed toward the acquisition of new knowledge. Creating knowledge
basic research
advances the development of new diagnostic tests, drugs, therapies and prevention strategies, answering questions with direct clinical application. Applying knowledge to a certain field.
applied (clinical) research
Name the 3 types of applied (clinical) research.
- explanatory
- exploratory
- descriptive
the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
evidence-based practice
Name the 3 key elements of EBP.
- best evidence
- patient values
- clinical expertise
EBP is not about conducting research, it’s about what?
Using research
systematic process of gathering and synthesizing empirical data to generate knowledge about a given topic.
research
the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of best current evidence in making decisions about care for clients.
EBP
Name the 5 steps of the research process.
- Identify the research question.
- Design the study.
- Implement the study.
- Analyze the data.
- Disseminate the findings.
Name the 4 essential components of a research question.
- a specific client group or population
- the assessment, treatment or other clinical issues
- the outcome
- comparison
examines relationships or phenomena within one time.
cross-sectional studies
studies taken place over time
prospective cohort studies
studies that go back in time
retrospective cohort studies
What is the goal of descriptive/qualitative research?
Describes populations.
What is the goal of exploratory/observational research?
To find relationships.
What is the goal of explanatory/experimental research?
to determine cause and effect.
Name 4 ways in which outcomes can be measured.
- patient satisfaction
- patient preferences
- self-assessment of functional capacity
- quality of life
What is the goal of clinical research?
to determine causal efficacy of treatment
What is the independent variable?
Intervention
What is the dependent variable?
outcome/endpoint
the degree to which the investigator draws the correct conclusions about what actually happened in the study.
internal validity
the degree to which these conclusions can be appropriately applied to people and events outside the study.
external validity
What are the benefits of strict criteria?
Strong causal conclusions of treatment efficacy.
What are the limitations of strict criteria?
reduced external validity
