Week 1 Lecture

Question 1

claims that are touted as scientifically proven and strengthened by fervent, public testimonials of believers who have experienced, first hand, or who have claimed to have witnessed the phenomenon. But such evidence is not based on the principles of the scientific method.

Answer 1

pseudoscience

Question 2

a formal way of knowing that is exclusively reliant on objective, empirical investigation.

Answer 2

scientific methods

Question 3

a structured process of investigating facts and theories and exploring connections, with the purpose of improving individual and public health.

Answer 3

clinical research

Question 4

strives to capture naturally occurring phenomena following a tradition of social constructivism. Exploring different phenomena, studying experiences of people

Answer 4

qualitative research

Question 5

based on a philosophy of logical positivism, which human experience is assumed to be based on logical and controlled relationships among defined variables.

Answer 5

quantitative research

Question 6

directed toward the acquisition of new knowledge. Creating knowledge

Answer 6

basic research

Question 7

advances the development of new diagnostic tests, drugs, therapies and prevention strategies, answering questions with direct clinical application. Applying knowledge to a certain field.

Answer 7

applied (clinical) research

Question 8

Name the 3 types of applied (clinical) research.

Answer 8

• explanatory
• exploratory
• descriptive

Question 9

the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values

Answer 9

evidence-based practice

Question 10

Name the 3 key elements of EBP.

Answer 10

• best evidence
• patient values
• clinical expertise

Question 11

EBP is not about conducting research, it’s about what?

Answer 11

Using research

Question 12

systematic process of gathering and synthesizing empirical data to generate knowledge about a given topic.

Answer 12

research

Question 13

the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of best current evidence in making decisions about care for clients.

Answer 13

EBP

Question 14

Name the 5 steps of the research process.

Answer 14

1. Identify the research question.
2. Design the study.
3. Implement the study.
4. Analyze the data.
5. Disseminate the findings.

Question 15

Name the 4 essential components of a research question.

Answer 15

• a specific client group or population
• the assessment, treatment or other clinical issues
• the outcome
• comparison

Question 16

examines relationships or phenomena within one time.

Answer 16

cross-sectional studies

Question 17

studies taken place over time

Answer 17

prospective cohort studies

Question 18

studies that go back in time

Answer 18

retrospective cohort studies

Question 19

What is the goal of descriptive/qualitative research?

Answer 19

Describes populations.

Question 20

What is the goal of exploratory/observational research?

Answer 20

To find relationships.

Question 21

What is the goal of explanatory/experimental research?

Answer 21

to determine cause and effect.

Question 22

Name 4 ways in which outcomes can be measured.

Answer 22

• patient satisfaction
• patient preferences
• self-assessment of functional capacity
• quality of life

Question 23

What is the goal of clinical research?

Answer 23

to determine causal efficacy of treatment

Question 24

What is the independent variable?

Answer 24

Intervention

Question 25

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 25

outcome/endpoint

Question 26

the degree to which the investigator draws the correct conclusions about what actually happened in the study.

Answer 26

internal validity

Question 27

the degree to which these conclusions can be appropriately applied to people and events outside the study.

Answer 27

external validity

Question 28

What are the benefits of strict criteria?

Answer 28

Strong causal conclusions of treatment efficacy.

Question 29

What are the limitations of strict criteria?

Answer 29

reduced external validity