Week 12, Chapter 14 Flashcards
What are the 4 kinds of parenting styles and their major differences?
Permissive (indulgent, low control), uninvolved (self explanatory), authoritarian (control, power assertive, unidirectional communication), authoritative (reciprocal, responsive, bidirectional communication)
What are the typical child characteristics of authoritative parenting (4)?
Competent and self assured, able to control their own behavior, low in antisocial behaviors, in adolescence; high in social and academic competence
What are the typical child characteristics of authoritarian parenting (4)?
Low in social and academic competence, unhappy and unfriendly, ineffective coping of stressors, negative academic outcomes
What are the child characteristics of permissive parenting (3)?
Impulsive kids, low in school achievement, as adolescents; engage in more school misconduct and drug use
What are child characteristics of uninvolved parenting (3)?
Infants and toddlers tend to have attachment problems, poor peer relationships, adolescents tend to show numerous academic, social, and emotional problems
What factors affect parenting style (5)?
Infant attractiveness, temperament and behaviors, bidirectionaily of parent child interactions, socioeconomic status (SES), culture
How does socioeconomic status (SES) affect parenting style?
Low SES more likely to use authoritarian style, higher SES mothers more likely to use style that is accepting and democratic and communicate more
What are 6 facts about punishment?
Needs to be administered promptly and consistently, give explanation and suggestions how to act in future, given by person with warm relationship. Cons; behavior stopped temporarily, may not learn lesson, may imitate behavior of parent to peers or siblings
What are the main differences in the messages of time out vs. time in?
Behavior and feelings unacceptable, needs don’t matter, love conditional; Time together, calming, distraction, communication
What are 5 impacts of divorce on children?
Level of parental conflict, stress, age of child (harmful during childhood and adolescence), quality of contact with noncustodial parent, child’s own characteristics
What are 3 facts about blended families?
Can benefit or cause issues depending on which parent in new relationship, easier or younger children, authoritative works best
What are the 5 styles of grandparenting?
Influential, supportive, authority oriented, passive, and detached
What are the 6 conditions of sibling relationship quality?
Best when; same sex, neither temperamentally emotional, younger enters adolescence, no favouritism, each well defined relationship with parents, parent warm with each other
What are 3 facts about firstborn children?
Higher scores on IQ tests, more likely to go to university, more willing to conform to adults requests
What is 1 fact about laterborn children?
Tend to be more popular and innovative
What are 3 facts about only children?
More likely to succeed in school, higher levels of IQ and self esteem, don’t differ in popularity, adjustment, and personality
What are 5 risk factors of childhood maltreatment?
Parental history, low SES, parental personality, intimate partner violence, higher baseline autonomic nervous system activity
What are 3 suggestions for preventing maltreatment?
Change social attitudes towards acceptable punishments, eliminate poverty and other stressors, providing parents with better education about child development, parenting, coping skills as well as social support
What are the 6 kinds of peer interactions and their age?
Unoccupied (0-3 months), solitary (0-2 years), onlooker (2 years), parallel (2+ years), associative (3-4 years), cooperative (3.5+ years)
T or F: Children who engage in make believe play tend to be more advanced in language, memory, executive functioning, and understanding others thoughts, beliefs, and feelings
T
What are the main differences between friendships in childhood, adolescence, and mature (15+)?
Convenience; intimate and confide in each other; emotional closeness, close despite distance
What are the main differences between romantic relationships at 11-13, 14-16, and 17-18?
Short (weeks), concerns of status, intimacy nonexistent); longer (months), intimacy may be primary though social still a concern, socialize in group settings; long term (year+), more time alone, intimacy primary
What is this: groups of 2-12, same sex, similar age, ethnicity, connected through common interests, history, or pre-existing friendships, dominance hierarchy, and purpose is to provide context to develop social skills
Clique
What are liaisons and isolates?
Not part of clique, but associated with different members of different cliques; few or no links to others in the network
What is this: Large clusters of peers who may or may not interact regularly, connected by shared reputation or stereotypes, function is to help teens navigate undifferentiated social environments by establishing group norms and standards. Serves as an important social reference group for identity development
Crowds
What is the difference between perceived and sociometric popularity?
Who do people think is the most popular (depends on what is valued in that peer group) vs. who do people actually like (pretty universal)
What are the 3 types of rejected profiles in regards to sociometric peer popularity?
Aggressive (unable to control negative emotions), withdrawn (shy, anxious, inhibited), aggressive-withdrawn (hostile but also anxious and nervous about social interaction)
Define the controversial category in sociometric peer popularity
Lots of likes and dislikes, high social impact, have a lot of power over peer groups, may be prosocial and aggressive, more likely to be perceived as popular
Define the neglected category in sociometric peer popularity
Not mentioned, may or may not be negative experience
What are 3 possible consequences of repeated rejection?
Dropping out of school engagement in criminal behavior, experiencing psychopathology
What are 3 facts about working long hours (20+ hrs/week) in adolesence?
Greater school misconduct, precocious sexual activity, smoking cigarettes, drinking, drug use
What are 3 pros of part time employment in adolesence?
Shorter hours teaches actual skills, summer jobs fine, reasons for working matter
What is the family and economic stress model?
Economic pressure and chronic poverty = parental mental health = less effective parenting = children’s behavioral problems
What is counter imitation and what can produce it?
Learning what should not be done; observational learning
What is this: Adult talks to child immediately to help them understand the situation and their own feelings
Time in
What kind of grandparent is this: Close to grandkids, very involved, frequently perform parental roles including discipline
Influential
What kind of grandparent is this: Similar to influential, do not take on parental roles
Supportive
What kind of grandparent is this: Provide discipline but otherwise not primarily involved
Authority
What kind of grandparent is this: Caught up in grandkids development, but not with the intensity of supportive or influential, do not assume parental roles
Passive
What kind of grandparent is this: Uninvolved with grandkids
Detached
What is this: Denotes children’s ability to respond adaptively and resourcefully to new situations
Ego-resilience
What are the 4 roles parents can have in the influence of play?
Playmate (used to scaffold level of play), social director (arranging visits, activities), coach (must be constructive for child to benefit), mediator (for young children)
What is this: Friends spend much of their time together discussing each other’s personal problems
Co-rumination
What is the term for children who care for themselves
Latchkey children
