Week 10, Chapter 11 Flashcards
What are the 3 key findings from Tronick’s still face experiment?
Infants rely on social engagement for emotional regulation and learning, consistent responsible caregiving fosters secure attachment, prolonged unresponsiveness can negatively impact attachment and increase stress related behaviors
What does the internal working model of attachment suggest?
Based on parent child attachment, child develops a mental representation of the self, attachment figures, and relationships in general
What is this: system of attitudes, behaviors, and values that a person believes make them a unique individual
Self-concept
At what age is self-awareness established?
Gradual development from early to 8 months, by 18-20 show recognition in mirror task, by 18-24 look longer at pictures of self than others and refer to self by name or pronouns - est. by 2 years
What do school aged children (5-7) use to describe themselves?
Emotions, social groups, comparisons with other
What do adolescent children use to describe themselves?
Attitudes, personality traits, religious/political beliefs, beliefs cary with settings, future oriented
What is adolescent egocentrism?
Inability to distinguish between one’s perception of what others think about them vs. what others actually think
What are the 3 types of adolescent egocentrism qualities, and what are their substages (9 items total)?
Personal fable (feelings and experiences are unique, no one experienced anything like this before), imaginary audience (you are being watched by your peers, others are as admiring/critical of you as you are of yourself), illusion of invulnerability (misfortune happen to others, ignore potential risks + underrate opponents’ abilities)
What are the 4 Marcia statuses?
Foreclosure (I’ve made a choice without thinking), achievement (I thought about it, and I now know what I should do with my life), Moratorium (I’m thinking about what I should do), Diffusion (Don’t know, don’t care)
What does the diagram of Marcia’s statuses look like?
Foreclosure and achievement at the top with commitment, achievement and moratorium on the right with exploration/search, Moratorium and diffusion at the bottom with no commitment, diffusion and foreclosure on the left with no exploration/search
What is enculturation vs. acculturation vs. bicultural?
Degree of integration within your culture; adaption to another culture; integrating aspects of both cultures
What is this: overall’s evaluation of the worth of the self and the resulting feelings from this evaluation
Self-esteem
What are the 4 type of self-esteem and what age do children understand it towards themselves?
Scholastic, athletic, social, physical; 4-5
What are 3 key facts about the developmental change in self-esteem?
Highest in preschoolers, social comparisons lead to drop in self-esteem at the beginning of elementary, usually stabilizes end of elementary, sometimes drops in highschool
What are 4 sources of self-esteem?
Heredity, skills, parents, other people
What was the main conclusions surrounding the study of self-esteem and praise?
Effort focused praise encourages children to work hard even at hard tasks (growth mindset = effort leads to positive outcomes)
What is this: A negative view of others based on group membership
Prejudice
What are the key ages surrounding prejudice?
Preference for own group 2-4, peaks 5-7 and stays high
What do toddlers/preschoolers use to describe themselves (self-concept)?
Physical characteristics, preferences, possessions, and competencies
What is recursive thinking and when does it emerge?
Breaking complex problems into smaller subproblems; 5-6
