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Social Psychology > Week 11 - Health > Flashcards

Week 11 - Health Flashcards

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1
Q

Health Psychology

A

The application of psychology to the promotion of physical health and the prevention and treatment of illness

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2
Q

how do stress and isolation work on health outcomes?

A

Accumulative - work together; low stress and social isolation produces the best outcomes, high both; worst

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3
Q

Three approaches to defining stress

A

Stimulus, response and stimulus-response process

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4
Q

Stimulus

A

A demand in the environment; focuses on types of stressful events

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5
Q

Response

A

A generalised, physiological response to a demand; defines stress in terms of bodily responses

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6
Q

Stimulus-response process

A

‘Person-environment ‘ transaction: combination of psych. and physiological responses

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7
Q

Events that often lead to stress

A

Life events, Daily hassles and catastrophes

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8
Q

Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory (1967)

A
  • Life events rated as stressful out of 100
  • Events related to changes in marriage and family structure rate very highly
  • score over 300 = statistically increased risk of major health event over next 2 years (80% increase)
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9
Q

Most stressful daily hassles for uni students (top 5) Australian

A

1) dislocation 2) friendships 3) partner relationships 4) time demands 5) financial

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10
Q

Life events are linked to

A

increased illness, appetite disturbance and emotional probs

-Cumulative effect with daily hassles

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11
Q

Life events or daily hassles more predictive of psychological stress?

A

Daily hassles (accumulation)

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12
Q

Eustress

A

(Lazarus & Seyle) positive response

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13
Q

Distress

A

Negative response

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14
Q

Psychological strain

A

when stress becomes negative (becomes strain) negatively impacts cognitive abilities

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15
Q

How does stress contribute to illness an disease directly?

A 
Via the CNS (immediate response to acute stress)
Immune system (long-term response to prolonged stress)
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16
Q

How does stress contribute to illness and disease indirectly

A
  • maladaptive coping or behaviour -> toxin exposure -> illness
  • Genetics or psychological make-up may intensify the impact of stress
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17
Q

Role of explanatory style in depression

A

those with negative explanatory style more likely to be diagnosed with depression

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18
Q

Seligman’s theory of depression

A

learned helplessness

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19
Q

Abramson et al (1989) theory of depression

A

State of hopelessness brought on by the negative self-attributions people make for failure

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20
Q

Three characteristics of hardy people

A
  • commitment - challenge - control
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21
Q

which of the three characteristics are most important?

A

Perception of control

22
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Feeling of competence

23
Q

Self-efficacy and probability of survival after heart attacks

A

higher for high self-efficacy, lower for low self-efficacy

24
Q

Dispositional Optimism

A

Optimistic person by default

25
Q

Optimism

A

Generalised tendency to expect positive outcomes

26
Q

How does optimism promote pos. health outcomes?

A
  • blood samples stronger immune response to stress

- more explanatory style

27
Q

Does low optimism cause health problems?

A

no

28
Q

Problem-focused coping strategies

A
  • Attempt to confront or alter the stressor
29
Q

Emotion-focused coping strategies

A
  • Attempt to regulate emotional distress associated with stressor
30
Q

Two types of emotion-focused coping strategies

A
  • Re-appraisal coping strategies

- Avoidance coping strategies

31
Q

Coping strategies with best health outcomes

A

Problem-focused

32
Q

Re-appraisal coping

A

-Thinking about the stressor in a different way

33
Q

Avoidance coping

A
  • Avoid the negative emotion
34
Q

Effective coping leads to

A

physical, psychological and behavioural stress levels return to normal

35
Q

Ineffective coping leads to

A

Continued stress and poor health outcomes

36
Q

Simple social contact model

A

How many contacts? Problem: Number doesn’t necessarily mean healthy relationships

37
Q

Intimacy Model

A

Close relationship with significant model

38
Q

Perceived availability

A

Does the person believe that ample support is available

39
Q

Is the diversity of a social network important?

A

Yes

40
Q

Dunbar’s number of friends

A

150

41
Q

Happiness

A

subjective well-being

42
Q

what percentage of US adults describe themselves as happy

A

75%

43
Q

Cross culturally do nations describe themselves as more positive or more neutral?

A

Positive

44
Q

Predictors of long-term happiness?

A

Social relationships, employment, physical health

45
Q

Evidence for a baseline level of happiness

A
  • ratings of similar happiness higher in mono that dizygotic twins
46
Q

What is stress?

A

In psychology, stress is a feeling of strain and pressure.

47
Q

Stress can lead to

A

coronary heart disease, immune system compromise

48
Q

Stone et al. Protein pill study

A

patients given protein pill that produces antibody; more positive events experienced in a day more antibody produced

49
Q

Depressive Explanatory Style

A
  • internal, stable and global

- state of hopelessness brought on by negative self-attributions people make for failure

50
Q

Proactive coping

A

Up-front efforts to ward off or modify the onset of a stressful event

51
Q

social components of treatment

A
  • social support - hope - choice
52
Q

social prevention three steps

A

Information (accurate)
Social Motivation to engage in the behaviour
Behavioural skills

Social Psychology (12 decks)

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