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Social Psychology > Week 11 - Health > Flashcards

Week 11 - Health Flashcards

1
Q

Health Psychology

A

The application of psychology to the promotion of physical health and the prevention and treatment of illness

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2
Q

how do stress and isolation work on health outcomes?

A

Accumulative - work together; low stress and social isolation produces the best outcomes, high both; worst

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3
Q

Three approaches to defining stress

A

Stimulus, response and stimulus-response process

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4
Q

Stimulus

A

A demand in the environment; focuses on types of stressful events

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5
Q

Response

A

A generalised, physiological response to a demand; defines stress in terms of bodily responses

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6
Q

Stimulus-response process

A

‘Person-environment ‘ transaction: combination of psych. and physiological responses

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7
Q

Events that often lead to stress

A

Life events, Daily hassles and catastrophes

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8
Q

Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory (1967)

A
  • Life events rated as stressful out of 100
  • Events related to changes in marriage and family structure rate very highly
  • score over 300 = statistically increased risk of major health event over next 2 years (80% increase)
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9
Q

Most stressful daily hassles for uni students (top 5) Australian

A

1) dislocation 2) friendships 3) partner relationships 4) time demands 5) financial

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10
Q

Life events are linked to

A

increased illness, appetite disturbance and emotional probs

-Cumulative effect with daily hassles

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11
Q

Life events or daily hassles more predictive of psychological stress?

A

Daily hassles (accumulation)

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12
Q

Eustress

A

(Lazarus & Seyle) positive response

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13
Q

Distress

A

Negative response

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14
Q

Psychological strain

A

when stress becomes negative (becomes strain) negatively impacts cognitive abilities

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15
Q

How does stress contribute to illness an disease directly?

A 
Via the CNS (immediate response to acute stress)
Immune system (long-term response to prolonged stress)
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16
Q

How does stress contribute to illness and disease indirectly

A
  • maladaptive coping or behaviour -> toxin exposure -> illness
  • Genetics or psychological make-up may intensify the impact of stress
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17
Q

Role of explanatory style in depression

A

those with negative explanatory style more likely to be diagnosed with depression

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18
Q

Seligman’s theory of depression

A

learned helplessness

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19
Q

Abramson et al (1989) theory of depression

A

State of hopelessness brought on by the negative self-attributions people make for failure

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20
Q

Three characteristics of hardy people

A
  • commitment - challenge - control
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21
Q

which of the three characteristics are most important?

A

Perception of control

22
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Feeling of competence

23
Q

Self-efficacy and probability of survival after heart attacks

A

higher for high self-efficacy, lower for low self-efficacy

24
Q

Dispositional Optimism

A

Optimistic person by default

25
Optimism
Generalised tendency to expect positive outcomes
26
How does optimism promote pos. health outcomes?
- blood samples stronger immune response to stress | - more explanatory style
27
Does low optimism cause health problems?
no
28
Problem-focused coping strategies
- Attempt to confront or alter the stressor
29
Emotion-focused coping strategies
- Attempt to regulate emotional distress associated with stressor
30
Two types of emotion-focused coping strategies
- Re-appraisal coping strategies | - Avoidance coping strategies
31
Coping strategies with best health outcomes
Problem-focused
32
Re-appraisal coping
-Thinking about the stressor in a different way
33
Avoidance coping
- Avoid the negative emotion
34
Effective coping leads to
physical, psychological and behavioural stress levels return to normal
35
Ineffective coping leads to
Continued stress and poor health outcomes
36
Simple social contact model
How many contacts? Problem: Number doesn't necessarily mean healthy relationships
37
Intimacy Model
Close relationship with significant model
38
Perceived availability
Does the person believe that ample support is available
39
Is the diversity of a social network important?
Yes
40
Dunbar's number of friends
150
41
Happiness
subjective well-being
42
what percentage of US adults describe themselves as happy
75%
43
Cross culturally do nations describe themselves as more positive or more neutral?
Positive
44
Predictors of long-term happiness?
Social relationships, employment, physical health
45
Evidence for a baseline level of happiness
- ratings of similar happiness higher in mono that dizygotic twins
46
What is stress?
In psychology, stress is a feeling of strain and pressure.
47
Stress can lead to
coronary heart disease, immune system compromise
48
Stone et al. Protein pill study
patients given protein pill that produces antibody; more positive events experienced in a day more antibody produced
49
Depressive Explanatory Style
- internal, stable and global | - state of hopelessness brought on by negative self-attributions people make for failure
50
Proactive coping
Up-front efforts to ward off or modify the onset of a stressful event
51
social components of treatment
- social support - hope - choice
52
social prevention three steps
Information (accurate) Social Motivation to engage in the behaviour Behavioural skills

Social Psychology (12 decks)

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