Week 11 Flashcards by Fraser Somerville

What is the deep fascia of the foot?

Medial, Lateral Plantar fascia
Plantar aponeurosis
Dorsal fascia

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Plantar aponeurosis attachments

Calcaneus

The fiborous sheaths of the digital tendons and sesimoid bones

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Where does the vertical intermuscular septa of the foot run?

Between the 1st o 5th metatarsals

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What are the compartments of the foot?

Medial
Central
Lateral

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Contents of the medial compartment of the foot?

Abductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Tendo of flexor hallucis longus
Medial plntar nerves and vessels

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What are the contents of the Central compartment of the foot?

Flexor digitorum brevis
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Quadratus plantae
Lubricals
Adductor hallucis
Tendon of flexor hallucis longus
Lateral plantar nerves and vessels

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What are the contents of the lateral compartment of the foot?

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

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What are the contents of the Interosseus compartment of the foot?

Metatarsals
Dorsal and plantar interossues muscles
Deep plantar and metatarsal vessels

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What are the contents of the dorsal compartment of the foot?

Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Neurovascular structures of the dorsum of the foot

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Which muscles are in the superficial (1st layer) of the foot?

Abductor Hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

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DO NOT KNOW THE ATTACHMENTS OF THE FOOT MUSCLES!!!

Woop!

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What are the muscles in the 2nd layer of the foot?

Flexor digitorum longus tendons
Tendon of flexor hallucis longus
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals

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What are the muscles in the 3rd layer of the foot?

Short muscles of the great and small toes
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi

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What are the muscles in the deepest (4th) layer of the foot?

Plantar interossei muscle

Dorsal interossei muscle

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What are the muscles on the dorsal surface of the foot?

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

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What is the pathway of the saphenous nerve and what does it supply?

It is a terminal branch of the femoral nerve
begins at the adductor canal
passes between tendons of gracilis and sartorious
passes anterior to medial malleolus then over the dorsum of the foot
It supplies articular branches to the ankle joint and skin of the anteromedial shin, the medial side of the ankle and foot up until the head of the 1st metatarsal

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Which toe is the reference point for abduction and adduction of the toes?

The second digit

What actions occur at the plantar and dorsal interossei?

Plantar adduct (PAD)
Dorsal abduct (DAB)
(small amounts of flexion occur at both)

What does the superficial fibula nerve divide into?

medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves

Whatt skin does the superficial fibula nerve supply?

skin over the dorsum of the foot
skin over the dorsal medial half of the big toe
skin over the lateral 3 and a half digits

What forms sinus tarsi?

Calcanues and Talus

Where does the deep fibula nerve run and what does it supply?

Passes deep to the extensor retinaculum, between extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus

Emerges between the 1st and 2nd digits

supplies Extensor hallucis brevis and Extensor digitorum brevis
supplies the tarsal and tarsometatarsal joints
supplies skin between the 1st and 2nd digits

What are the branches of the tibial nerve?

Medial and lateral plantar nerves
common plantar digital nerves
proper plantar digital nerves

What runs through the adductor canal?

nerve to vastus medialis
Femoral artery
Femoral nerve
saphenous nerve

What is the adductor canal?

an intermuscular passageway through the medial thigh. It starts at the apex of the femoral triangle and finishes at the adductor hiatus

What structures that run through the adductor canal continue through the adductor hiatus?

Femoral artery | Femoral vein

What is the popliteal fossa?

A diamond shaped space on the posterior aspect of the knee that allows passageway of neurovascular structures between the thigh and the leg.

What is the pathway of the medial plantar nerve? and what does it supply?

It is the larger and more anterior branch of the tibial nerve Enters the sole of the foot, passing deep to abductor hallucis between layers 1 and 2 Runs between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis Terminates as sensory branches as common and proper digital nerves

What muscles does the medial plantar nerve supply?

abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Flexor hallucis brevis 1st lumbrical

What makes up the pes anserine and what is there nerve supply?

SGT FOT! Sartorious (femoral nerve) Gracilis (Obturator nerve) Semintendinosis (Tibial nerve)

What is the cutaneous supply from the medial plantar nerve?

medial 3 and a half digits skin over the medial and central aspects of the sole of the foot plantar aspect of the joints of the foot

What is the pathway of the lateral plantar nerve?

Passes deep to abductor hallucis Runs between the 1st and 2nd layers of muscles with the lateral plantar artery divides at the lateral compartment of the foot into superficial and deep branches

What does the lateral plantar nerve supply?

All muscles in the plantar plantar surface of the foot, not supplied by the medial nerve joints of the foot skin of lateral 1 and a half digits and lateral sole

What structures pass under the flexor retinaculum of the foot?

``` Tom Dick And Very Naughty Harry!!! Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus posterior tibial Artery osterior tibial Vein tibial Nerve flexor Hallucis longus ```

What are the two Sural nerves? What nerve do they come from? What structure do they run with? And what does it supply?

The two sural nerves are the lateral and medial sural nerves. The medial sural nerve comes from the tibial nerve The lateral sural nerves comes from the common fibular nerve It accompanies the small saphenous vein it supplies skin on the lateral aspect of the foot and the ankle joint

What is the dorsalis pedis artery a continuation of?

The anterior tibial artery

What is the pathway of the dorsalis pedis artery?

Passes deep to inferior extensor retinaculum passes between tendons of EHL and EDL at the 1st metatarsal it divides into 1st dorsal metatarsal artery and deep plantar artery

What are the branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?

Lateral tarsal artery arcuate artery deep plantar artery 1st dorsal metatarsal artery

What are the plantar arteries of the foot?

posterior tibial artery Medial plantar artery Lateral plantar artery

What are the superficial veins of the foot?

dorsal metatarsal veins | dorsal venous arch

What are the terminal branches of the dorsalis pedis artery

Firsst dorsal metatarsal artetry | Deep plantar arter

What are the non-terminal branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?

Lateral tarsal artery | Arcuate artery