Week 11 Flashcards
Cinematography
-Literally, “writing with movement”
-Cinematography vs. Mise-en-scene
-Cinematography has to do with what is going on with the camera itself whether that is the movement, or film stock, or qualities of the lens, while mise-en-scene is what is happening in front of the camera
Film Stock
-is pretty much magic
-ASA film speed (not be confused with a film’s speed of motion)
ASA (or ISO)= a measure of each film stock’s sensitivity to light
Slow film
low sensitivity to light (low ASA)
Longer exposure time required
Smoother, crisper images
Fast film
higher sensitivity to light (high ASA)
Harsher, more grainy image
Films Speed of Motion (or “cranking speed”)
-Modern standard= 24fps (frames per second)
-During silent era: 16-20 fps
-Manipulating speed of motion: slow and fast- motion
-1980s: variable-speed camera
Overexposure
Film is exposed to more light than it can handle creating over exposure (Like a very bright gauntlet)
Underexposure
Very dim, being not given quite not enough light to see the film image clearly.
Filters
-Sheets of glass or gelatin placed before the lens of camera (or substance applied to lens)
-Effect is to reduce certain frequencies of light reaching the film
-Day-for-night vs (night-for-night) shooting
Hand-colouring
-colour film stock came in to use in the 1930’s
-Moments of colour in a film- hand paint every frame of every frame of a film
Toning
Toning is brown images on white or red images on white…. Like changing the ink in your printer. Done during the development of the print
Tinting
blue on white or purple on white. Tinting happens after development. They put the frames into dye.
Technicolor
was expensive and difficult to use because it required such intense light to work.
Technicolor is a film-making process that uses two different colours of light to create a third colour. The most common example of this effect is red and green combining to make yellow. Two-colour Technicolor was a system of making colour movies that used two strips of black and white film running side by side.
Focal Length
Distance from the centre of the lens to the point where the light rays converge to a point of focus on the film.
Middle-focal-lens (normal lens)
-Little distortion of perspective relations
-Scene appears roughly as human eye would see it
Short-focal-length (“Wide-angle or “Short”) Lens
-Exaggerates depth
Distances between foreground and background seem greater than they are
Figures moving toward or away from the camera appear to cover ground more quickly.
A short lens tends to distort straight lines at the edge of the frame
Long-focal-length (“Telephoto” or “Long”) Lens
-Allows closer shots of distant objects
-Has flattening effect
Distance between foreground and background seems greatly reduced
-Figure moving toward or away from camera seems to take longer time to cover distance than we might expect
Zoom Lens
-Variable focal-length lens
Magnifies or de-magnifies object being filmed
-During a zoom, the camera itself does not move:
-Rather, the lens increases or decreases focal length
-Distinct from the tracking shot, in which the camera itself moves
Depth of Field and Focus
A property of the lens
Range of distance before the lens within which objects can be photographed in sharp focus
Ex: depth of field= 4-12 feet
Everything closer than 4 feet or further away than 12 feet will be out of focus
