Week 11

Question 1

What is diabetes?

Answer 1

The inability to produce or use insulin properly.

Question 2

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 2

Type 1 diabetes is the inability of the beta cells in the pancreas to produce insulin. Most common in children.

Question 3

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 3

Type 2 diabetes is the inability for cells to uptake insulin, Beta cells become fatigued and dysfunctional. Hyperglycaemia.

Question 4

What is gestational diabetes?

Answer 4

The development of diabetes during pregnancy due to a hormone change creating insulin resistance.

Question 5

Signs and Symptoms of T1D?

Answer 5

Polyphagia, Glucosuria, Polyuria, Polydipsia.

Question 6

Signs and Symptoms of T2D?

Answer 6

Similar symptoms to T1D, High insulin, usually 40+, Lifestyle related

Question 7

Signs and Symptoms of Gestational diabetes?

Answer 7

Same as T2D, identified in weeks 24-28 of pregnancy.

Question 8

How is T1D diagnosed and treated?

Answer 8

Diagnosed via Fasted blood glucose >7mmolL, Casual blood glucose >11.1mmolL, Oral glucose tolerance test >11.1mmolL. HbA1c normally less than 6%
Treated via injections of insulin guided by regular glucose monitoring.

Question 9

How is T2D diagnosed and treated?

Answer 9

Diagnosed via Fasted blood glucose >7mmolL, Casual blood glucose >11.1mmolL, Oral glucose tolerance test >11.1mmolL. HbA1c normally less than 6%.
Treated with diet, weight loss, exercise, regular glucose monitoring.

Question 10

How is gestational diabetes treated?

Answer 10

Treated with regular glucose monitoring, dietary counselling, exercise, insulin therapy, increased foetal surveillance.

Question 11

What are some considerations for exercise for people with diabetes?

Answer 11

Risk of hypoglycaemia, monitor blood glucose, medications, foot care, hydration, light to mod exercise, keep cool.

Question 12

What are the benefits of exercise for people with diabetes?

Answer 12

Increased insulin sensitivity, weight loss, decreased blood pressure and heart disease risk, increase fitness.

Question 13

Define obesity.

Answer 13

Excessive body fat that is of risk to one health

Question 14

Explain the aetiology of obesity.

Answer 14

Long standing positive energy balance.
Genetics - RMR, body comp, fat distribution
Cultural habits, task, environment
Access to food, eating habits, physical activity

Question 15

Describe some common co-morbidities and how they are potentially connected to obesity.

Answer 15

Cardiovascular diseases - increased blood pressure = increased strain on heart and surrounding vessels, pressure from body fat cutting of blood supply.
T2D - Cells become desensitised to insulin and stop the uptake of it, beta cells become damaged and dysfunctional.
Musculoskeletal disorders - increased weight bearing from skeleton, lack of musculature to support frame and movement.

Question 16

What is an energy balance?

Answer 16

An energy balance is the amount of energy consumed compared to the amount of energy that is used throughout a day.

Question 17

How does exercise and diet benefit people with obesity?

Answer 17

Exercise will increase the daily amount of energy used and a diet will decrease the amount of energy consumed which should place them in an energy deficit to lose body fat.

Question 18

What is the metabolic syndrome?

Answer 18

The combination of android obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and dislipidemia.

Question 19

What are the contributing factors to metabolic syndrome?

Answer 19

Waist circumference m > 102cm f > 88cm
Hypertension >130/85
Low LDL M<1mmolL F <1.3mmolL
High Triglycerides > 1.7mmolL
High fasting blood glucose > 5.5mmolL
Must have at least 3 of these conditions