week 10 - Diagnosis and control of infectious diseases Flashcards
What does test detect
Detect Antibody, Detect Agent, Detect CM
Vaccination strategies
Blanket vaccination
Ring vaccination
Symptoms of Canine cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder haematuria, pollakiuria, dysuria, stranguria… What sample would you collect? Cytsocentesis: Catheterised sample: Mid stream catch: Syringed up from the ground:
treatment for Bovine Mastitis
1. Identify the organism Three species of streptococci commonly isolated from bovine mammary gland S. agalactiae S. dysgalactiae S. uberis Other opportunistic pathogens: Staphylococcus species E. coli Nocardia spp. Clostridia spp.
- Describe the disease manifestations
Acute mastitis
Sub-clinical mastitis - Describe the disease manifestations
Acute mastitis (inflamed mammary gland, abnormal milk)
Sub-clinical mastitis (reduced milk production, SCC, BMC) - Collect appropriate sample
Milk - Speciate the organism
Epidemiology of bovine mastitis, S. agalactiae
Obligate parasite of bovine mammary gland “cow associated” organism – can adhere to undamaged mammary tissue
Contagious mastitis – spread from cow to cow contaminated milking equipment / hands vacuum release forces milk into teat canal
Colonises lactiferous ducts – progresses to LN PMN’s infiltrate and block teat duct (atrophy) Subsequent cycles – less severe clinical signs
Epidemiology of bovine mastitis, S. dysgalactiae
Opportunistic pathogen – isolated from mucous
membranes, tonsils and urogenital tract
“environmental” organism
Causes acute mastitis
Non-contagious
Spread by milking machine (sore on teats)
Epidemiology of bovine mastitis, S. uberis
Opportunistic pathogen – isolated from bedding, soil, GIT, urogenital tract, tonsils “environmental” organism Causes acute mastitis Non-contagious Ascending infection through open teat orifice after milking Hygiene before and after milking
Epidemiology of bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus
aureus
Contagious mastitis
Causes peracute, acute and sub-clinical mastitis
Adheres to intra-mammary mucosal surfaces and
multiplies within phagocytes
Cow to cow spread
Milking parlour hygiene
Epidemiology of bovine mastitis, E. coli
Opportunistic pathogen – isolated from bedding,
soil, GIT, urogenital tract, tonsils
“environmental” organism
Causes acute and peracute mastitis (sub-clinical)
Non-contagious
Ascending infection through open teat orifice
after milking
Hygiene before and after milking
Epidemiology of bovine mastitis, Bacillus cereus Listeria monocytogenes Nocardia asteroides Clostridium perfringens etc
Opportunistic pathogen – isolated from bedding, soil, GIT, urogenital tract, tonsils “environmental” organism Causes acute mastitis Non-contagious Ascending infection through open teat orifice after milking Hygiene before and after milking
Epidemiology of bovine mastitis
Control and Prevention
- Dry cow therapy (contagious mastitis)
- Avoid teat lesions
- Clean and dry teats before milking (teat dipping)
- Milking machine (pressure, liner slip, vacuum fluctuations)
- Milking parlour hygiene
- Antimicrobial usage in affected cows
Symptoms and treatment for foot and mouth disease
•Multiple host species •Multiple modes of transmission •Multiple serotypes •Small infective dose •Rapid replication •Virus shedding before clinical signs •Highly contagious •Carrier state
Symptoms and treatment for Rinderpest
- Single host species
- Transmission by inhalation
- Single serotype
- Labile in environment
- Virus shedding before clinical signs
- Highly contagious
- No carrier state
- High mortality
- Lasting immunity to vaccine
- No wildlife reservoir
What are bacteria and fungi that can live freely and replicate in the environment called
Saprophytes
What does pneumonia in cattle do
frequently initiated by a viral infection that disables both phagocytic function and other pulmonary clearance mechanisms
