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2015 (Mental Health) > Week 10 - Dementia & Delirium > Flashcards

Week 10 - Dementia & Delirium Flashcards

1
Q

What is delirium?

A

Syndrome that is usually characterised by transient global disturbance of attention and cognition accompanied by abnormal psychomotor behaviour and altered sleep-wake cycle

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2
Q

Which age group is delirium most common?

A

Elderly

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3
Q

Is the onset of delirium slow or fast?

A

Fast - comes on very quickly

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4
Q

Is the course of delirium short or long?

A

Short - hours to days

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5
Q

Are delirium symptoms worse during the day or at night?

A

At night

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6
Q

Mental state examination for someone with delirium

A
  • Not fully alert
  • Impairment of attention and memory
  • Psychomotor agitation
  • Abnormal mood
  • Visual illusions & hallucinations
  • Fragmented thinking
    Delusions
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7
Q

Physical examination

A
  • Sympathetic over-arousal (dilated pupils, hypertension)
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8
Q

9 core features of delirium

A
  • Acute onset
  • Inattention
  • Disorganised thinking
  • Altered level of consciousness
  • Disorientation
  • Memory impairment
  • Perceptual disturbances
  • Psychomotor agitation or retardation
  • Altered sleep/wake cycles
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9
Q

Screening instruments for delirium

A
  1. 3D-CAM

2. 4AT

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10
Q

Treatment of delirium

A

Provide supportive treatment to allow safe recovery

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11
Q

Is the onset of dementia slow or fast?

A

Slow

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12
Q

Is the course of dementia short or long?

A

Long

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13
Q

What is dementia?

A

Significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains

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14
Q

Synonym for dementia

A

Major Neuro-cognitive Disorder

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15
Q

What is mild neuro-cognitive disorder?

A

Modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

17
Q
  • Significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance
  • Objective evidence of cognitive deficit relative to an appropriate reference population
  • The person needs assistance with IADLs
A

Dementia

18
Q

Assessments for memory impairment

A
  • Bedside testing (recall 3 objects; recall name & address)
  • Formal neuropsychological testing (word list learning)
19
Q

Assessments for executive disfunction

A
  • Bedside testing (animals in 60 seconds, how many camels are there in Italy?)
  • Formal testing
    >Tower of London test
20
Q

Assessments for aphasia

A
  • Name objects & parts of objects
  • Read/write a sentence
  • Boston Naming Test
21
Q

Assessments for apraxia

A
  • Ask patient to lick lips, cough, wink , whistle
  • Ask patient to mime actions
  • Clock drawing test
22
Q

Assessments for agnosia

A
  • Visual recognition of common objects

- recognition of famous faces

23
Q

Hyperorality, disinhibition, inertia are symptoms of

A

bvFTD

24
Q
  • Severe impairment of new learning ability
  • Inability to recall previous memories
  • No general loss of intellectual ability
  • No clouding of consciousness
  • Evidence of a specific organic cause
A

Amnestic disorder

25
Q
  • Impaired new learning ability
  • Confabulation
  • Associated frontal impairment
A

Korsakoff’s syndrome (alcohol amnestic disorder)

26
Q
  • Classic Triad:
    >quiet delirium
    >Ophthalmoplegia (eye paralysis)
    >gate ataxia (loss of coordination)
A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

27
Q

Sub types of Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)

A
  • Behavioural variant
  • Language variant
  • Motor variant
28
Q

Informative tests for bvFTD

A
  • Verbal fluency
  • Similarities & differences
  • Theory of mind
  • Social cognition
29
Q

Treatment of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

A
  • Medical emergency

- High dose of intravenous medication

30
Q

Treatment of alcohol amnestic disorder

A
  • Treat alcohol abuse & dependence

- Arrange functional rehab

2015 (Mental Health) (15 decks)

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