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Motor Control and Skill Acquisition > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Error correction in the ___ stages of learning is most important

A

early

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2
Q

Situation awareness model suggests

A

task factors and individual factors all integrate with each other to inform the decisions that you make and your performance in situations.

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3
Q

Level 1 of the Situation awareness model is…?

A

perceiving elements of current environment

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4
Q

Level 2 of the Situation awareness model is…?

A

Understanding what it all means together (seeing and understanding)

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5
Q

Level 3 of the Situation awareness model is…?

A

Projecting understanding of future possibilities, using information to determine the adjustments needed

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6
Q

Other factors that influence the three levels of the situation awareness model:

A
  • goals / expectations
  • what information am I getting and how fast do a process it
  • What factors in understanding this situation are automatic
  • Long term memory
  • abilities and experiences
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7
Q

Human error:

An unintended action or undesirable one…. divided into two groups…

A
  • A slip (response)

- A failure of memory (lapse)

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8
Q

Taxonomies of human error: list (5)?

A
  • Error of omission
  • Errors of commission
  • Extraneous acts
  • Sequential errors
  • Time errors
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9
Q

What is the error of omission?

A

something in the process is missing

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10
Q

What is the error of commission?

A

an action is carried out when it should not have been

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11
Q

What are extraneous acts?

A

where actions are performed which will prevent the completion of the intended objective (using a mobile phone when looking for M7 exit, take wrong exit)

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12
Q

What are sequential errors?

A

where actions are performed out of order

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13
Q

What are time errors?

A

correct action too early or too late

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14
Q

Swiss Cheese model of errors and accidents?

A

Each layer of cheese could be another layer of assessment (nurse, imaging, questioning of symptoms, then doctor). Despite ALL these, sometimes there is still a factor not picked up (amputation wrong leg)

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15
Q

Cognitive failures leading to accidents and/or errors (4):

A
  • attention
  • memory
  • perceptual
  • action
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16
Q

Attention refers to characteristics associated with…

A
  • consciousness
  • awareness
  • cognitive effort
17
Q

Divided attention and workload –> leads to

A

errors

18
Q

Resource capacity theories

A

Difficulty doing tasks simultaneously because of limited availability of resources needed to carry out tasks
- Simultaneous successful performance of multiple tasks can occur when resource capacity limits not exceeded

19
Q

Filter theories (bottleneck)

A

Difficulty doing multiple tasks simultaneously because of inability to serially process multiple stimuli (need to filter less importance stimuli out)

20
Q

Central Resource Capacity Theories

A

These can change in size as you alter which task you’re focussing on more at the time

21
Q

Kahneman’s attention theory

A

The amount of attention capacity available for a specific performance situation determined by the person’s arousal level:

  • too little —> low performance
  • too much —> low performance
22
Q

3 “rules” in Kahnemans that people use to allocate attention resources when performing multiple tasks

A
  • Ensure completion of at least 1 task
  • Enduring dispositions: involuntary allocation
  • Momentary intentions
23
Q

Multiple Resource Theories

A

Propose that we have several resources for attention
- each source has a limited capacity
The multiple sources based on specific info processing need
- Sensory input (e.g. visual, proprioception)
- Response output (e.g. verbal, motor)
- Type of memory code (e.g. spatial, verbal)

24
Q

Memory structure comprised of two functional systems:

A
  • Working memory (short term -> 30 s)

- Long-term memory

25
Q

Memory functions

A
  • Storage of information
  • Retrieval of information
  • System specific functions
26
Q

Working Memory:

A

enables people to response to the demands of a “right now” situation

  • Critical for decision making, problem solving, planning and execution
  • Interacts with long term memory
27
Q

Long-term Memory:

A

Allows people to have information about specific past events as well as general knowledge
- relatively unlimited

28
Q

Subsystems of working memory

A
  • Phonological loop
  • Visuospatial sketchpad
  • Central executive
29
Q

Subsystems of long term memory

A
  • Procedural memory: how to
  • Semantic memory: general knowledge of world
  • Episodic memory: own personal experience

Motor Control and Skill Acquisition (9 decks)

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