Week 05 Flashcards
Learning styles can be determined by assessing five preferences (5):
- Instructional environment (level, age, goals)
- Emotionality
- Sociological (cultural, economic differences, peer pressure)
- Physiological
- Psychological
______ learners learn more easily when they are presented with the big picture and then asked to concentrate on the details
analytic
______ learners prefer less structure that allows for creativity
Global
______ learners
- Look at the big picture first; then details
- Prefer humour, anecdotes, and graphics
Global
_____ learners:
- Look at new information in step-by-step, sequential manner
- Prefer rules, guidelines, and procedures
Analytic
Four types of learners, based on preferred perceptual mode (modal strength):
- Visual
- Kinesthetic
- Analytic
- Auditory
Identical elements theory:
- Two skills might share common elements, or stimulus and response conditions
- Does not account for all possible transfer conditions
Transfer appropriate processing theory:
Practice conditions have problem-solving processes that are similar to the criterion task
_____: An internal condition that incites and directs action or behaviour
Motivation
To encourage motivation, give learners a reason to learn new skill:
- Explain why it is important to learn
- Expose learners to elite role models and performances
- Create a positive, supportive, and challenging learning environment
Optimal theory: learning is optimised when…
- Expectations of a positive outcome are enhanced
- Learners are provided with choices
- Attentional focus is directed externally on the intended movement effect
Hands on method:
- Direct instruction
- Characterised by the use of verbal instructions, demonstrations and provision of feedback
- Prescriptive
Hands off method:
- Purposeful manipulation of key constraints
- Emphasises movement exploration
Practitioners can directly influence learning preparation in two ways:
- Capture learner’s undivided attention before introducing the skill
- Introduce the skill in a manner that stimulates interest
Internal focus:
- Learners focus conscious attention on their own body movements (muscle memory, can’t focus too much)
- May have a negative impact on acquiring/refining new skills
