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Biology 101 > Week 1 Lab 1, 2, 3 > Flashcards

Week 1 Lab 1, 2, 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

eukaryotic

A

cell that has a membrane/nucleus

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2
Q

autotrophic

A

derive nutrients from carbon dioxide

self-feeders

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3
Q

heterotrophic

A

derive nutrition from organic compound in the environment

- other-feeders

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4
Q

the three bacterial form

A

coccus (spherical - dots)
baccilus (rod - small hotdogs)
spirillum (spiral - wormy)

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5
Q

bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic? heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

prokaryotic
- single cell; has no nucleus; separate
heterotrophic
- single cell

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6
Q

cyanobacteria

A

(railroad tracks)

  • green and shape/structure
  • photosynthetic
  • autotrophic
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7
Q

two important ecological roles of cyanobacteria?

A

basis of food chain

produce oxygen

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8
Q

ex of bacterial diseased

A

bubonic plague
cholera
strep throat
tetanus

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9
Q

what drugs to combat bacterial infections?

A

antibiotics

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10
Q

what are sources of most antibiotics?

A

produced by other organism

-usually fungi or other bacteria

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11
Q

what parts of the human body typically host bacterial populations?

A

gut and skin

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12
Q

what are some of the benefits of hosting certain bacterial populations on and in our bodies?

A
  • help digest food

- bacteria on skin help protect us from harmful parasites

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13
Q

what role do bacteria serve in the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem?

A

help breakdown waste products (dead animals, dead plants)

decompose

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14
Q

food products that rely upon bacteria

A

cheese, yogurt, salami, beer, soy sauce

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15
Q

Two major category of protists

A

animal like

plant like

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16
Q

Kingdom Protista

A

eukaryotic

- cells with nuclei

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17
Q

algae

A

unicellular (peanut)
multicellular (seawead)
colonial (egg with air bubbles)

  • autotrophic
  • photosynthetic
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18
Q

what are two important ecological roles served by algae?

A

decompose

produce oxygen

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19
Q

common food items utilizing processed algae

A

nori, carrageenan, alian, agar, ice cream

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20
Q

Protozoans

A 
Ameoba (ameoba circle covered by wiggly thing)
paramecium (centipede)
trypanosoma (stomach)
-  heterotrophic
- not green
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21
Q

Plasmodium

A
  • some protozoans live within the tissues and cells of other organism
  • lives part of life in the blood of humans
  • red blood cells infected
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22
Q

What disease is caused by plasmodium?

A

malaria

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23
Q

how is malaria spread?

A

mosquito

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24
Q

Kingdom Fungi

Yeast

A
  • unicellular
  • beer, bread, wine
  • produce alcohol and carbon dioxide
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25
Q

what is the fungi doing to the examples of “moldy” food?

A

decomposing

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26
Q

hypae

A
  • filaments that makes up the bodies of multicellular fungi

root of mushroom

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27
Q

Fruiting body of fungi

A
  • mushroom
  • reproductive structures of fungi are often used as a food source
    mushroom cap
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28
Q

what are some important fungal diseases of human?

A

athletes foot
ringworm
vaginitis

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29
Q

Fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

heterotrophic - not green

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30
Q

what “organism” is the result of a “symbiotic” relationship of fungi together with algae or cyanobacteria?

A

lichen

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31
Q

what is the role of each member of the lichen?

A

fungal - ability to attach to surface
algae - produce food; photosynthesis
lichen - provide house for photosynthesis

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32
Q

photosynthesis

A

process by which plants uses light energy to make sugar and other organic food molecules from carbon dioxide and water

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33
Q

xylem

A

tube inside stem; carries water up from the roots

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34
Q

phloem

A

tube inside stem; carries food, mainly sugar, from the leaves down to rest of plants

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35
Q

cephalization

A

concentration of sense organs in one part of the body

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36
Q

radial symmetry

A

symmetrical around center of axis

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37
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

symmetrical - divided equally - mirror image right and left side

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38
Q

Kingdom Plantae

A
  • multicellular
  • eukaryotic
  • autotrophic
  • color green
39
Q

what process do plants generate their energy?

A

photosynthesis

40
Q

what materials are needed by the plants to perform photosynthesis (reaction)?

A

CO2 and H20

carbon dioxide and water

41
Q

what are the end product of photosynthesis?

A

O2

oxygen

42
Q

Three major parts of plants

A

roots
stems
leaves

43
Q

function of roots

A

provide anchorage and absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil

44
Q

function stem

A

bear leaves; holds leaves up so it can absorb sunlight

- highway/conduit between roots and leaves

45
Q

function of leaves

A

obtain CO2 from the air and light from the sun, enabling to preform photosynthesis

46
Q

what substance is transported by the xylem?

A

water and minerals up from the root to through out the body - leaves

47
Q

what substance is transported by the phloem?

A

sugars

- produced in leaves transported through out body

48
Q

Parts of a flower - Carpel/Pistil

A

female part of flower

- contain ovary

49
Q

parts of a flower - petals

A

attract some kind of animal that will help pollinate flower

50
Q

parts of flower Stamen

A

male part of flower

51
Q

part of flower - ovary

A

main part of

seeds develop

52
Q

why do plants produce flower?

A

to reproduce

53
Q

when you eat a fruit, what part of the plant are you eating?

A

ovary of a flower

54
Q

when you eat a vegetable, what part of the plant are you eating?

A

vegetative

55
Q

what is the function of a fruit? of seed?

A

help disperse seed

seed - to reproduce

56
Q

feeding method of sponges?

A

suspension feeders - filter feeders

57
Q

what are commercial uses of the sponge skeleton?

A

bath sponges

58
Q

Jellyfish

A

radial symmetry

disable their prey with stinging cells from tentacles

59
Q

why do tapeworms not need a digestive system?

A

they simply absorb nutrients across their body surface and have no digestive tracts

60
Q

trichinella

A

illness caused by roundworms
- live in undercook pork or wild game
cooking meat until it is no longer pink kills the worm and avoids infection

61
Q

common molluscs food items

A

snail, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, and squids

- found in fresh water, salt water, and terrestrial environment

62
Q

how are earthworms beneficial in soil?

A

they aerate the soil and their casting improve the soils texture

63
Q

what segmented worm is used in medicine?

A

leeches

64
Q

how are insects important in food production? and their major ecological role?

A

they carry/spread seeds, they are pollinators

65
Q

What group of aquatic arthropods include many food items?

A

crustaceans

66
Q

exoskelton

A

external skelton that protects the animal and provides point of attachment for the sucles that move the appendages

67
Q

echinoderm prized food item

A

sea urchin

68
Q

Four characteristics of Chordata

A
  1. have a dorsal (hollow nerve cord)
  2. have a notocord (flexible, supportive, longitudinal rod located between digestive tracts and nerve cord
  3. have a pharyngeal slits (located in pharynx)
  4. have a muscular post-anal tail
69
Q

special feature of fish assist in breathing underwater?

A

gills

70
Q

special feature of amphibians allows to live in land?

A

tetrapods “four feet”

71
Q

special features of reptiles allow them to be successful on land?

A

amniotic egg: protected in water proof egg

reptilian skin: covered with scales waterproofed with tough protein that keeps body from drying out

72
Q

special feature of bird assist in temp regulation?

A

insulating feathers

73
Q

special feature of mmals assis them in temp regulation?

A

Hair

74
Q

Characteristics of humans cause them to be classified as mammals?

A

Hair and Mammary Gland

75
Q

vegetables

A

Vegetative part; leaves, stems, flowers, and roots of plants

76
Q

Kingdom Animalia

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Heterotrophic
  • Multicellular
  • For the most part animals move
  • Motile: mobility; ability to move by itself
  • Sessile: stable
77
Q

Kingdom: Animalia

- Phylum: (9 important phylums of animals)

A 
Porifera
Cnidarian
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata
78
Q

Porifera

A 
	Sponges
•	Aquatic, filter feeders
•	Most marine, not all
•	Colonial organism
•	Water in through pores ( water out up)
•	Dead shell/skeleton of sponges for 
•	radial
79
Q

Cnidarian

A 
	Jelly fish
	Aquatic, marine
	Stinging cells to disable pretty
	Some motile
	radial
80
Q

Platylmenthis

A 
	Flatworms
•	Mostly aquatic , many internal parasites
•	Parasites of larger organism
o	Tapeworms – parasites of mammals
•	bilateral
81
Q

Nematoda

A

 Roundworms
• Aquatic , terrestrial
• Internal parasites (of almost everything)
• Trichinella in muscle (most mammals – burry to make a cyst)
• bilateral

82
Q

Anmelida

A 
	Segmented worms
•	Mostly aquatic
•	What is value of terrestrial earthworms?
•	Bilateral symmetrical
•	Leeches such blood; most common
83
Q

Mollusca

A 
	Molluscs
•	Aquatic and terrestrial
•	Somewhat shell (rigid body parts) 
•	Squid and octopus
o	Internal hard piece (mantle)
•	Bilateral symmetry
84
Q

Arthropoda

A 
	Jointed foot
•	Walking leg that has joint in them
	Aquatic and terrestrial
	Land; parasites of bigger organisms
	Crusteceans; insects; shrimp; spiders
	Existence of exoskeleton (hard rigid part of body is in the outside)
•	As organism grow: periodically shred exoskeleton
	Short live don’t shed: bees ants
	bilateral
85
Q

Echinodermata

A 
	Echinoderms
	A return to radial symmetry
	Marine (all)
	Share outer rough tough spiny outer skin
	sea urchins: sea stars
86
Q

Chordata

A

 chordates
 All have some form of backbone
 Fishes, amphibians, retiles, birds, mammals (classes)

87
Q

4 things in common of Chordata

A
  1. pharyngeal pouches
  2. Notochord
  3. Dorsal nerve cord
  4. post-anal tail
88
Q

prokaryotic

A

type of cell lacking a membrane - no nucleus

- found in bacteria and archaea

89
Q

• Fishes

A 
o	Aquatic, gills for breathing
o	2 kind
	Bony - skeleton
	None bony part
•	Shark: more primitive lifeform
o	Only jaw bone
90
Q

• Amphibians

A 
o	Includes frogs, toads, salamenders
o	Dual life
	Part in water – youth - gills
	Part in land – adult – develop lungs
o	Aquatic and terrestrial, gills or lungs for breathing
o	Eggs must be laid in aquatic
91
Q

• Reptiles

A 
o	Turtles, snakes, and lizards
o	Completely adted to life on land
o	Most primitive
o	Water tight skin
	Have to develop a way to keep water in body
o	Eggs are laid on land
	Have to have a way contain water
•	Have a shell
o	Sea turtles: on land, spend time on acquatic
	Lay egg on land
92
Q

• Birds

A 
o	Adapted for flight
o	Feathers for warmth
o	Descendants of dinosaurs
o	Hard shell egg
o	All lay eggs on land
93
Q

• Mammals

A 
o	Hair for warmth
o	Mammary glands to nourish young
o	Domesticated mammals
	Horse, dogs
	Domesticated birds and mammals
•	Turkey; pig; cow

Biology 101 (13 decks)

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