Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2(B6) - E.N.T > Week 1 - I - Anatomy of the oral cavity and pharynx > Flashcards

Week 1 - I - Anatomy of the oral cavity and pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity? (4 things)

A
  • Upper and lower teeth
  • Floor of mouth/tongue
  • Hard and soft palate
  • Oropharynx posteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which tibe projects in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?

A

The eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The oral cavity begins at the teeth and continues to the oropharynx posteriorly What is the space between the lips and teeth known as?

A

Oral vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the bottom of your tongue known as?

A

The ventral surface of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What attaches to the tongue to the lower mouth? (it is found on the ventral surface of the tongue) Where else does this structure exist?

A

The frenulum of the tongue A frenulum also exits attaching the glans to the shaft of the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the small prominence on either side of the frenulum on the under surface of the tongue?

A

The sublingual caruncle - it marks the opening of the submandibular glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What veins can generally be seen in people located on the ventral aspect of the tongue?

A

Can generally see the deep lingual veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands? Is it these glands that secrete the basal secretion of saliva to prevent a completely dry mouth?

A

Patoid gland Submandibular gland Sublingual gland There are 1000s of glands in the oral mucosa that give a basal secretion to prevent a completely dry mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the parotid gland located and where does it secrete? What is the part it secretes through known as?

A

Parotid glad is located in front of the ear It secretes opposite the upper 2nd molar Secretes through the parotid papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the parotid duct travel from, from the parotid gland to reach tthe parotid papilla? What muscle does it pierce to reach the parotid papilla?

A

The parotid duct crsses the masseter (muscle of mastciation) and pierces the buccinator muscle where it secretes salivary enzymes via the parotid papilla opposite the upper 2nd molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the submandibular gland open? (the gland lies deep to the mucosa of the floor of mouth)

A

Opens in the sublingual caruncle (papilla) which is located on either side of the frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the folds on the mucosa of the floor of the mouth known as where the sublingual glands open?

A

These are the sublingual folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the main muscle of the floor of the mouth known as?

A

The mylohyoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

The submandibular and sublingual get its parasympathetic (secretomotor) innervation from the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The chorda tympani supplies the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue with the sense of tat and parasympathetic innervation for the submandibular and sublingual gland What does the chorda tympani exit the skull via? and what does the nerve join with on route to the tongue? (this nerve supplies sensory innervation to the tongue)

A

Exits the skull via the petrotympanic fissure The chorda tympani joins with the lingual nerve (branch of CN V3) on route to the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What suppleis the parotid gland with parasympathetic innervation?

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of muscle is the tongue? What nerve supplies the tongue with general sensory? what supplies it with special sensory?

A

Tngue is skeletal muscle General sensory supplies by CN V3 (lingual nerve branch) Special sensory supplied by CN VII (chorda tympani branch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The tongue is separated into the oral cavity and the oropharynx How much of the tongue is in each? What is the groove in the tongue which separates the two parts?

A

2/3rds of the tongue lies in the oral cavity 1/3rd of the tongue lies in the oropharynx The sulca terminalis is the groove which separates the two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What supplies the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue with general and sensory supply? What lies at the apex of the terminal groove (sulca terminalis) and what is this the origin of?

A

Potserior 1/3rd of the tongue supplied by CN IX The foramen caecum lies at the apex of the terminal groove and is the origin of the thyoid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 types of tongue papillae and which contain taste buds?

A

Foliate Fungiform Vallate Filiform - does not contain taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If the thyroglossal duct is left open, what can occur? It rises on swallowing and sticking out of the tongue

A

This is a thyroglossal duct cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 pairs of extrinsic tongue muscles? Where do they attach?

A

Palatoglossus - hard palate to tongue Hyoglossus - hyoid bone to tongue Styloglossus - styloid process to tongue Genioglossus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the innervation of the extrinsic muscles of tongue?

A

Genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus all innervated by CN XII (hypoglossal nerve) Palatoglossus innervated by CN X (vagus nerve)

24
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Change the position of the tongue during mastication, speech and swallowing

25
Q

Name the intrinsic muscles of the tongue What is their function and nerve innervation?

A

superior longitudinal muscle inferior longitudinal muscle transverse muscle vertical muscle All involved in precise movements of tongue.(changing the shape of the tongue) CN XII, Hypoglossal

26
Q

Where is the hypoglossal nerve attached to in the brain? Where is the hypoglossal canal located?

A

Hypoglossal nerve is attached to medulla The hypoglossal canals are found on the anterior wall of the foramen magnum

27
Q

What type of nerve innervation does the hypoglossal nerve provide? What are the parasympathetic cranial nerves?

A

Provides motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue Parasympathetic - 1973 (10,9,7,3) Vagus Glossopharyngeal Facial Oculomotor

28
Q

How is the function of CN XII clinically tested?

A

Ask patient to stick out the tongue and the tongue should remain in the midline in unilateral CN XII damage the tongue tip will POINT TOWARDS the side of the injured nerve

29
Q

What is the arterial supply to the tongue? What is it a branch of?

A

Tongue is supplied by the lingual artery Lingual artery is a branch of the external carotid artery

30
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve pass in relation to the lingual artery?

A

The hypoglossal nerve passes anteriorly through the neck lateral to the loop lingual artery

31
Q

What lies in the space between the arches of the soft palate? What is the projection hanging down from the soft palate known as? What is the border separating the lips and skin known as?

A

The palatine tonsils lie in the space between the arches The projection is the uvula The vermillion border

32
Q

What is the space where the palatine tonsil is called?

A

The tonsilar fossa

33
Q

On the midline suture of the hard palate, what is the foramen known as that lies immediately behind the incisor teeth? Blood vessels and nerves pass through here

A

incisive foramen

34
Q

What do arteries going through the palatine foramen go to?

A

Go to the Keisselbach’s Area (the greater palatine artery passes through the palatine foramen)

35
Q

What is the only muscle in the soft palate innervated by CN V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)? What is the function of this muscle?

A

Tensor veli palatini This muscle tenses the soft palate

36
Q

What muscle lifts the soft palate towards the base of the skull?

A

Levator veli palatini

37
Q

There are five pairs of muscles of the soft palate The tensor veli palatini and the levator veli palatini have been mentioned Which muscles cause the uvula to rise? Which are the longtitudional muscle?

A

Musculus uvula causes Longitudinal muscle is the palatopharyngeus msucle

38
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the soft palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Musculus uvula Palatopharyngeus Palatoglossus - depresses the palate towards the tongue

39
Q

What is the nerve innervation of all the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini - supplied by CN V3 All the rest are supplied by CN X Levator veli palatini Musculus uvula Palatopharyngeus Palatoglossus - depresses the palate towards the tongue

40
Q

The soft palate can move forwards or backwards depending on its required function What are the three functions?

A

Stops food entering the nose during swallowing (by moving bakwards) Directs air into the nose or mouth during speech Helps to close off the entrance to the oropharynx during the gag reflex

41
Q

Clinical testing of the CN X and CN V3 involves asking the patient to say aah What do you expect as results from this? (good and bad)

A

The uvula should sit in the midline if there is unilateral nerve pathology the uvula will be pulled AWAY FROM the non-functioning side by the normal side

42
Q

How does the clinical testing for the response of the uvulua differ from the tongue?

A

Unilateral pathology of the CN XII (tongue) causes the tongue to move towards the affected side Unilateral pathology of the CN X / CN V3 causes the uvula to move away from the affected side

43
Q

What muscle is part of the soft palate and the tongue?

A

Palatoglossus - causes depression of the soft palate to the tongue

44
Q

What are the two muscular layers of the pharynx?

A

Have the external circular layer and the inner longitudional layer

45
Q

Where do the circular muscles insert in the pahrynx?

A

all insert into the midline raphe

46
Q

The external layer known as the circular layer is also known as the constrictor layer There is a superior, middle nad inferior constrictor muscles What is the function of the constrictor muscles?

A

Theycontract sequentially to push the food bolus inferiorly towards the oesophagus

47
Q

The longitudinal layer of the pharynx consitis of three paired vertical muscles What are the three muscles?

A

Palatopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus Stylopharyngeus

48
Q

Where do the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert? What is the nerve innervation to the longitudinal and circular muscles?

A

The longitudinal muscles insert into the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage All the muscles are innervated by CN X apart from the stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN IX

49
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal muscle layer?

A

This muscle layer during contraction pulls larynx superiorly shortening the pharynx during swallowing.

50
Q

4 pairs of tonsils in areas around the oral cavity. Forms a ring around the opening of the oral cavity. Lymphoid tissue ring combats anything that enters that’s pathological. What is this defensive ring of lymphoid tissue known as?

A

Waldeyer’s ring

51
Q

Tonsils are lymph nodes What are the tonsils in Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Palatine tonsil Lingual tonsil Nasopharyngeal tonsil Palate associated tonsil

52
Q

Where are lingual and palatine tonsils found? What is the nasopharyngeal tonsil known as and where in the nasopharynx is it found?

A

Lingual - found on posterior 1/3rd of the tongue Palatine - found in tonsilar fossa (space between arches of soft palate) Nasopharyngeal tonsil - aka adenoid Found in the roof of the nasopharynx

53
Q

the REGIONAL nodes are the group of lymph nodes that FIRST receive the lymph that has drained from a given structure What are the regional nodes for the tip of the tongue?

A

Submental lymph nodes - lymph then passes to the submandibular nodes and then down the anterior triangle

54
Q

What node drains the palatine tonsil?

A

The jugulo-digastric lymph node

55
Q

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture1jpg-15A1E7DDECF5756643D.png

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture1jpggif-15A1E7DF8AA45761C9D.png

Year 2(B6) - E.N.T (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions