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Year 2(B6) - E.N.T > Week 1 - A - Anatomy of Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity > Flashcards

Week 1 - A - Anatomy of Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the small hairs in your nose known as? They filter air of particular material that enters your nostril

A

Vibrissae

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2
Q

What is the function of the virbrissae?

A

The purpose of vibrissae in your nostrils is to help keep larger dust particles and other objects from going deeper into your nose

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3
Q

The nasal cavity acts as a conduit (channel) for air travelling to where?

A

Conduit for air travelling to the nasopharynx

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4
Q

which of the structures increase the surface area of the nasal cavity and have a significant blood supply both of which aid in warming air and humidification?

A

nasal conchae

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5
Q

Does the nasal cavity have a low or high vasculature?

A

Nasal cavity has a very high vasculature

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6
Q

What epithelium in the nasal cavity accounts for the sense of smell?

A

Sense of smell as air passes over the olfactory epithelium

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7
Q

Nostrils are also known as nares What is the external side of a nostril known as? What is the part of the upper lip connecting to the septum of the nose?

A

Ala of the nose - ala means wing The philtrum

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8
Q

What is the cartilage at the tip of nose known as? (on both sides)

A

Major and minor alar cartilage

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9
Q

What is the nasal septum composed of?

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone Vomer bone Septal cartilage

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10
Q

The ethmoid contributes to the central portion of nasal septum Which form the anterior and posterior sections of the nasal septum?

A

Anterior - septal cartilage Posterior - vomer bone (also inferior to perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone)

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11
Q

The cribriform plate forms the roof of the nasal cavity. What pierces the cribriform plate giving it its sieve like structure? What is the projection coming from the cribriform plate that attaches to dura matter?

A

Olfactory nerves Crista galli (attaches to the falx cerebri)

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12
Q

Which of the three concha are part of the ethmoid bone? What is the largest concha? What part of the ethmoid bone is part of the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

The superior and middle concha are part of the ethmoid bone The inferior concha is the largest concha and is a bone itself The perpendicular plate is part of the medial wall of the nasal cavity

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13
Q

Which bone lies superior to the superior concha?

A

The cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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14
Q

What are the L-shaped bones located between the maxilla and the ethmoid bone that form part of the lateral wall and hard palate?

A

The palatine bone

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15
Q

What type of Le Fort fractures can disrupt the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone? What might this disrupt? (clue - exits via this cribiform plate of ethmoid bone)

A

Le fort II & III fractures May disrupt the olfactory nerve which exits the skull via the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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16
Q

Disruption of the olfactory nerve can cause ansomia What congenital condition can cause anosmia with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism?

A

Kallman syndrome

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17
Q

The nasal mucosa has different types of epithelium What is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity known as? And what is the change in epithelium that occurs here?

A

The nasal vestibule Changes from keratinized stratified squamous epithelium to non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

What are the two types of epithelium in the rest of the nasal cavity?

A

Respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium

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19
Q

What is respiratory epithelium? What does it contain that secretes mucous and what moves the mucous?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells The respiratory epithelium contains goblet cells that secrete mucous and cilia that beats the mucous towards pharynx for you to swallow

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20
Q

What is the function of the mucous in the nasal cavity?

A

Prevents the cavity from drying out. If these passages dried out, their surfaces could crack, potentially providing pathogens with an entryway into the body.

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21
Q

What is the third type of epithelium in the nasal cavity that covers the superior concha?

A

The olfactory epithelium - allows you to smell

22
Q

What is cranial nerve 1? Is it sensory or motor? What is its foramen?

A

CN I - Olfactory nerve Sensory Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

23
Q

When thinking of the olfactory pathway, what is useful to think of?

A

A toothbrush

24
Q

Where are the receptor cells for the olfactory pathway?

A

The receptor cells are in the olfactory epithelium (bristles of a toothbrush)

25
Q

The receptor cells pass up into the cribriform plate and synapse with the olfactory bulb Where do these neurons then pass to? and whee do they travel to?

A

Pass on the olfactory tract to the temporal lobe

26
Q

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/jpg/picture1-159F086964A30AE3DD9.jpg

A

Note that the olfactory bulb sits on top of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone with the receptor cells projecting into the olfactory epithelium

27
Q

This line cuts through the sphenoid sinus straight through to the tip off the nose What nerve supplies somatic sensory innervation above and below the line?

A

CN V1 provides somatic sensory to everything above the line - ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve CN V2 provides somatic sensory to everything below the line - maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve Olfactory nerve gives sensory innervation for smell Facial nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to muscles of the face

28
Q

What nerve is a branch of the CN V1 giving sesnory innervation above the line on the previous slide? Enters through the anterior ethmoidal foramen What nerve is a branch of the CN V2 giving sesnory innervation below the line on the previous slide? Enters through the sphenopalatine foramen

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/403/flashcards/11907403/png/picture1jpg-159F0972DE15F0A6F28.png

29
Q

Which artery gives rise to the facial artery? Facial artery comes out at the bottom of the chin

A

The external carotid artery gives rise to the facial artery

30
Q

What gives rise to the opthalmic artery?

A

The internal carotid artery An anastamoses exists between the ICA and the ECA

31
Q

What is the arteries that branch off the facial artery and supply the lip?

A

The superior and inferior labial arteries

32
Q

What is the branch supplying the nasal septum a branch of?

A

Branch of the superior labial artery

33
Q

What is the area where anastamosis occurs in the nasal cavity?

A

Keisselbach’s Area Aka Little’s Area

34
Q

What does disruption of Kiesselbach’s Area cause?

A

Causes epitaxis (nose bleed)

35
Q

The 3 conchae that project from the lateral nasal wall split the wall into parts What is the recess that forms above the superior concha that the sphenoid sinus drains into?

A

This is the sphenoethmoidal recess

36
Q

What forms between each conchae?

A

Supeior, middle and inferior meatus

37
Q

When inserting a nasogastric NG tube via the nostril, what artery should you be careful off to prevent a nose bleed? (epitaxis)

A

Be careful of septal branch of ssperior labial artery Little’s area on septum

38
Q

What are conchae often referred to as? How do they increase opportunity for humidifying, warming and filtering ?

A

Turbinates They increase the surface area of the nasal cavity Also ave a high vasculature for the warming

39
Q

Airflow through the nose can be impacted by engorgement of the nasal mucosa How often does the side which is engorged switch to the other side?

A

Switches every 1-5 hours Arrow points to engorged nasal mucosa

40
Q

There are open spaces within bone known as sinuses There are four paranasal sinuses, what are they known as?

A

Frontal sinus Ethmoidal air cells (sinuses) Sphenoid sinus Maxillary sinus

41
Q

What is each sinus lined with?

A

Each sinus is lined with respiratory epithelium Ethmoid air cells are lined with olfactory epithelium

42
Q

On xray you can identify the sinus as they are air filled and appear as black What does the sphenoid sinus drain into and what lies superior to it?

A

Drans into the sphenoethmoidal recess The pituitary gland lies superior to it

43
Q

The sphenoid sinus drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess, what drains into the superior meatus? (clue this sinus has a anterior, posterior and middle)

A

The posterior ethmoidal air cells

44
Q

The middle meatus is split into the semilunar hiatus and the ethmoidal bulla What do each drain into? Frontal sinus Middle ethmoidal air cells Maxillary sinus Anterior ethmoidal air cells

A

Semilunar hiatus - Frontal sinus Maxillary sinus Anterior ethmoidal air cells Ethmoidal bulla - middle ethmoidal air cells

45
Q

What does the nasolacrimal duct drain into?

A

The inferior meatus

46
Q

Lacrimal fluid drains inferomedially to the nasolacrimal duct which drains to the inferior meatus Where is the lacrimal gland?

A

Within the orbit at the lateral end of the eye

47
Q

What is inflammation of the mucosa in one or more of the paransal sinuses known as?

A

Sinusitis

48
Q

What is the opening that connects a sinus to the nasal cavity itself?

A

The ostia

49
Q

Which sinus is predisposed to infection due to its ostia lying superior to the sinus? The cilia have to work against gravity for the mucous to enter the nasal cavity What does the maxilalry sinus drain into? (basically ostia are the holes that allow the sinuses to drain into each of the meatus/sphenoethmoidal recess)

A

The maxillary sinus Drains into the semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus

50
Q

What is this opening?

A

The opening of the eustachian/ auditory/ pharyngotympanic tube in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

51
Q

What is Communication between maxillary sinus and tooth socket known as?

A

Oro-antral fistula - this is abnormal and can result in infection

Year 2(B6) - E.N.T (32 decks)

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