Week 1: Diagnosis in Psychiatry Pt. 1 Flashcards
The identification and classification of a medical condition.
Diagnosis
Examples of Paradigmatic Diseases
1) Infectious diseases: These are diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Examples: Smallpox, Polio, Measles
2) Genetic disorders: These are diseases caused by inherited genetic mutations. Examples: Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia, Huntington’s disease
Classifying disorders based on a group of symptoms.
Syndromal Approach
The classification of diseases, injuries, and disorders.
Nosology
The development and progression of a disease.
Biological mechanism underlying the disorder (i.e., infections, cancers)
Pathogenesis
Classifying disorders based on their cause.
Etiological Approach
The tendency or predisposition to develop a disease.
Susceptibility
A disease that serves as a model or example for other diseases.
Paradigmatic Disease
Means decided or chosen without any particular reason or rule.
It suggests something is random or based on personal preference rather than logic or objective criteria.
Arbitrary
A prediction of the course of a disease.
Prognosis
The treatment of diseases.
Therapeutics
The study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations.
Epidemiology
What is the purpose of a diagnosis?
1) Predictions: prognosis
2) Treatment: therapeutics
3) Research: an analytic tool for increasing understanding of the causes of disease
4) Epidemiology: distribution of diseases within populations
A classification system proposed by Emil Kraepelin that divided mental disorders into two main categories: dementia praecox (schizophrenia) and manic-depressive illness.
Kraepelinian Dichotomy
Distinguished between lunacy (you could get better) and idiocy (you would not get better).
14th Century Common Law
Identified different mental disorders such as mania, melancholia, and hysteria.
Ancient Greece
- Writing on clay tablets
- Accurate descriptions of mental and neurological disorders
- Descriptions only, no systematization
Babylonian c 3500 (History of Psychiatry)
What are the two main categories under the Kraepelinian Dichotomy?
1) Dementia praecox (schizophrenia)
2) Manic-depressive illness
A mental disorder characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression. It is now more commonly known as bipolar disorder.
Manic-depressive Illness
A term coined by Emil Kraepelin to describe a group of mental disorders characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and negative symptoms.
Dementia Praecox (schizophrenia)
A state of excessive excitement, energy, enthusiasm, and a decreased need for sleep.
Mania
A state of sadness, despair, and hopelessness.
Melancholia