Week 1: anatomy of pulm system

Question 1

what ribs articulate with the body of the sternum

Answer 1

ribs 3-7

Question 2

True RIbs:
False Ribs:
Floating Ribs:

Answer 2

True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12

Question 3

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration

Answer 3

diaphragm contracts and flattens
- lung pressure decreses

Question 4

Which ribs are bucket handle and which are water pump?

Answer 4

bucket: 1-6

water pump: 7-12

Question 5

Valsalva Maneuver

Answer 5

???
increase in thoracic pressure

Question 6

what is the function of the pleura in the lungs

Answer 6

reduces friction
- it is 2 membranes surrounding the lungs

Question 7

Path of air

Answer 7

nasal/oral > pharynx/larynx > trachea > bronchi > Bronchioles > Alveoli

Question 7

Hemothorax

Answer 7

blood in lungs

Question 7

Hilus

Answer 7

point at which the nerves, vessels, and primary bronchi penetrate the parenchyma

Question 7

Empyema

Answer 7

pus in lungs

Question 7

How many lobes on each lung

Answer 7

R - 3
L - 2

Question 8

Ficks Law

Answer 8

governs gas diffusion into blood stream
- directly proportional to surface area
- indirectly proportional to thickness

Question 9

Emphysema

Answer 9

surface area decreases so difficulty breathing

Question 10

perfusion: Pulm fibrosis

Answer 10

lungs become scarred so gas cant diffuse
- decreased surface area and increased thickness

Question 11

2 zones of airway

Answer 11

Conducting/ dead space: trachea, primary bronchus, bronchus, bronchi, bronchioles

Transitional /Respiratory Zone: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
- where gas exchange takes place

Question 12

Respiration vs Ventilation

Answer 12

respiration = EXCHANGE of gas

Ventilation = moving air in and out of lungs

Question 13

Tidal Volume:

Answer 13

?????????
normal breathing

• .4 - 1 L/ breath

Question 14

Inspiratory reserve volume:

Answer 14

amt of space above tidal volume to increase inspiration

• 2.5-3.5 L

Question 15

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

amt of space below tidal volume to breathe out

• # ? avg??

Question 16

forced vital capacity FVC

Answer 16

definition ????

• FVC = IRV + ERV + TV

Question 17

Residual lung volume

Answer 17

the air left in your lungs that you cant breathe out

Question 18

Total Lung Capacity - TLC

Answer 18

TLC= FVC = RLV

Question 19

Purpose of pulmonary system

Answer 19

to maximize gas exchange
to breath deeper & faster

Question 20

FEV1/FVC:

Answer 20

pulmonary airflow capacity

• decreased w/ asthma

Question 21

Asthma

Answer 21

hard to exhale (obstructive - like CF) - irritation of the bronchioles lining therefore decreased airway size

Question 22

Henrys Law

Answer 22

gases diffuse from high pressure to low pressure - diffusion rate depends on: solubility of the gas in fluid

Question 23

___ is ___% more soluble than O2

Answer 23

CO2 is 25% more soluble

Question 24

Gas exchange in the lungs and partial pressure and numbers to know ???

Answer 24

week 1:2 slide 28

Question 25

Average arterial blood gases equal

Answer 25

PO2 = 100mmHg PCO2 = 40 mmHg

Question 26

What are the two ways O2 is transported in the blood

Answer 26

attached with hemoglobin dissolved in plasma : 15mL

Question 27

How many O2 can hemoglobin hold

Answer 27

4

Question 28

People with iron deficiency have a reduced capacity to carry what?

Answer 28

O2

Question 29

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 29

look it up/ have someone explain bc i didnt know last year and idk this year LOL

Question 30

3 methods of CO2 transport

Answer 30

plasma bicarbonate solution (60% done this way) dissolved CO2 bound to hemoglobin (20%)

Question 31

Haldane Effect

Answer 31

hemoglobin interaction with O2 reduces its ability to combine with CO2 - this aids in releasing CO2 in the lungs

Question 32

Alveolar minute ventilation Shallow breathing Normal breathing Deep breathing

Answer 32

the air moving in and out of dead space Shallow - 0 Normal - 4200 Deep - 5100

Question 33

Ventilation perfusion ratio C/Q

Answer 33

depiction of normal ventilation/perfusion V/Q in the lungs and alveoli - pH levels and position affect perfusion

Question 34

Alkalosis vs acidosis

Answer 34

Alkalosis : increased pH (basic) - lungs rid CO2 Acidosis: decreased pH (acidic) - kidneys rid bicarbonate

Question 35

3 mechanisms to regulate internal pH

Answer 35

Chemical buffers pulmonary ventilation renal function

Question 36

Aerobic metabolism is __x more efficient

Answer 36

18x

Question 37

How many ATPs does anaerobic and aerobic yield

Answer 37

anaerobic - 2 atp aerobic 36 atp