Week 1: anatomy of pulm system Flashcards
what ribs articulate with the body of the sternum
ribs 3-7
True RIbs:
False Ribs:
Floating Ribs:
True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration
diaphragm contracts and flattens
- lung pressure decreses
Which ribs are bucket handle and which are water pump?
bucket: 1-6
water pump: 7-12
Valsalva Maneuver
???
increase in thoracic pressure
what is the function of the pleura in the lungs
reduces friction
- it is 2 membranes surrounding the lungs
Path of air
nasal/oral > pharynx/larynx > trachea > bronchi > Bronchioles > Alveoli
Hemothorax
blood in lungs
Hilus
point at which the nerves, vessels, and primary bronchi penetrate the parenchyma
Empyema
pus in lungs
How many lobes on each lung
R - 3
L - 2
Ficks Law
governs gas diffusion into blood stream
- directly proportional to surface area
- indirectly proportional to thickness
Emphysema
surface area decreases so difficulty breathing
perfusion: Pulm fibrosis
lungs become scarred so gas cant diffuse
- decreased surface area and increased thickness
2 zones of airway
Conducting/ dead space: trachea, primary bronchus, bronchus, bronchi, bronchioles
Transitional /Respiratory Zone: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
- where gas exchange takes place
Respiration vs Ventilation
respiration = EXCHANGE of gas
Ventilation = moving air in and out of lungs
Tidal Volume:
?????????
normal breathing
- .4 - 1 L/ breath
Inspiratory reserve volume:
amt of space above tidal volume to increase inspiration
- 2.5-3.5 L
Expiratory reserve volume
amt of space below tidal volume to breathe out
- # ? avg??
forced vital capacity FVC
definition ????
- FVC = IRV + ERV + TV
Residual lung volume
the air left in your lungs that you cant breathe out
Total Lung Capacity - TLC
TLC= FVC = RLV
Purpose of pulmonary system
to maximize gas exchange
to breath deeper & faster
FEV1/FVC:
pulmonary airflow capacity
- decreased w/ asthma
Asthma
hard to exhale (obstructive - like CF)
- irritation of the bronchioles lining therefore decreased airway size
Henrys Law
gases diffuse from high pressure to low pressure
- diffusion rate depends on: solubility of the gas in fluid
___ is ___% more soluble than O2
CO2 is 25% more soluble
Gas exchange in the lungs and partial pressure and numbers to know ???
week 1:2 slide 28
Average arterial blood gases equal
PO2 = 100mmHg
PCO2 = 40 mmHg
What are the two ways O2 is transported in the blood
attached with hemoglobin
dissolved in plasma : 15mL
How many O2 can hemoglobin hold
4
People with iron deficiency have a reduced capacity to carry what?
O2
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
look it up/ have someone explain bc i didnt know last year and idk this year LOL
3 methods of CO2 transport
plasma bicarbonate solution (60% done this way)
dissolved CO2
bound to hemoglobin (20%)
Haldane Effect
hemoglobin interaction with O2 reduces its ability to combine with CO2
- this aids in releasing CO2 in the lungs
Alveolar minute ventilation
Shallow breathing
Normal breathing
Deep breathing
the air moving in and out of dead space
Shallow - 0
Normal - 4200
Deep - 5100
Ventilation perfusion ratio C/Q
depiction of normal ventilation/perfusion V/Q in the lungs and alveoli
- pH levels and position affect perfusion
Alkalosis vs acidosis
Alkalosis : increased pH (basic) - lungs rid CO2
Acidosis: decreased pH (acidic) - kidneys rid bicarbonate
3 mechanisms to regulate internal pH
Chemical buffers
pulmonary ventilation
renal function
Aerobic metabolism is __x more efficient
18x
How many ATPs does anaerobic and aerobic yield
anaerobic - 2 atp
aerobic 36 atp
