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cardiopulm > Unit 4 wk 15 > Flashcards

Unit 4 wk 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Radiology

A

branch of medicine that uses the application of radioactive substances to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease

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2
Q

What is the biochemical effect x-rays have on human tissues?

A

losing electrons/ionization

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3
Q

what type of image is a true negative

A

fluroscopic image because the background is white

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4
Q

Radiodensity

A

how much radiation is being absorbed from the xray beam

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5
Q

what are the 5 shades of grey

A

air - black
fat - greyblack
water-grey
bone- white

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6
Q

what are the ABCS search pattern for radiograph

A

alignment
bone density
cartilage spaces
soft tissue

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7
Q

CT

A

high resolution thin slices of axial anatomy

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8
Q

radiograph vs CT

A

radiograps have a fixed xray tube and one beam going through pt

CT: xray tube moves around patient and receptors measure remanent radiation

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9
Q

WHat is a TAP (thorx-abdomen-pelvis) scan?

A

eval of high risk trama pts for life threatening injuries in one quick exam

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10
Q

advantages of CT

A

fast image acquisition
soft tissue and osseous structure
view large portion of body
BEST IN EMERGENCIES (intracranial bleeds)

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11
Q

disadvantage of CT

A

most radiation exposure

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12
Q

T1 vs T2 weighted sequence (for MRI)

A

T1 defines anatomy

T2 detects fluid (H2O)

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13
Q

signal intensities in MRI – HIGH vs LOW

A

High = brighter image

Low = darker image

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14
Q

benefits of US

A

non invasive
no known ill effects
real-time- information

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15
Q

scanning planes of radiographs vs CT/MR

A

radiographs: AP, Lat, oblique

CT/MR: coronal, sagittal, axial

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16
Q

optimal use for each– CT, mri, US

A

US: cartilage, peds, soft tissue

MRI

CT

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17
Q

BMI SCALE

A

normal : 18.5-24.9
overweight 25-29
OBESITY CLASS 1: 30-34
OBESITY CLASS 2: 35-39

18
Q

Tx for obesity major components

A
  1. assist w lifestyle modifications (PA and diet)
  2. nutritional programming
  3. exercise programming
19
Q

to change weight by 1 pound, caloric intake must be decreased or increased by ______ calories

A

3,500

20
Q

PA for modest and greatest weight loss

A

> 150 min for moderate
225-400 for greatest weight loss

21
Q

exercise, diet, or a combo gives the most weight loss over two years?

A

exercise alone lost the most followed by exercise with diet

22
Q

Exercise guidelines for weightloss

A

5-7d/wk
250-300min moderate intensity exercise

23
Q

surgical options are only appropriate for those with BMI of ________

A

> 40 or >35 with comorbidities

24
Q

increased adipose puts the patient in a chronic __________state

A

proinflammatory

25
Q

what diseases is chronic inflammation linked to

A

CVD

ARTHRITIS

CANCER

26
Q

Central abdominal obesity. M vs W

A

M: apple android

W: pead gynoid

27
Q

T or F: obesity cluster –> metabolic syndrome –> type II DM

A

true

just know this, idk what to tell you… metabolic syndrome is the precursor to DM

28
Q

wait circumference values for metabolic syndrome

A

Men >40
W >35

29
Q

triglyceride levels for metabolic syndrome

A

> 150

30
Q

HDL values for Metabolic syndrome

A

<40 M
<50 W

31
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

lack of insulin secretion = glucose accumulation from liver

autoimmune destruction of beta cells in pancreas

ketone bodies form and accumulate = DANGER

32
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

slow onset of insulin resistence then insulin deficiency with progressive decline in beta cell function

associated w obesity

33
Q

whats more dangerous? hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia? and what are their values

A

HYPOGLYCEMIA = blood glucose <70 = more dangerous

hyperglycemia = bg >300

34
Q

cardiopulm complications of diabetes

A

htn, cva, node dysfunction, chf, pad

thickening of alveolar endothelial and capillary basal laminae

endothelial dysfunction

35
Q

kidney function

A

regulate serum osmolality , acid base balance

36
Q

cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease

A
  • increase risk of CV events
  • HTN
  • Accelerated atherosclerosis
  • HF
  • abnormal LV structure
37
Q

pulmonary complications of chronic kidney disease

A
  • PULMONARY EDEMA
  • fibrinous pleuritis and pulm calcification
  • decrease in arterial PaO2
38
Q

what type of exercise for patients with chronic kidney disease and failure?

A

resistance training combined with aerobic exercise

39
Q

Clinical implications/things to look for for physical therapy for pts with CKD and CKF

A

-poor exercise tolerance from inactivity
-view lab values prior to each tx

  • use RPE!
40
Q

infiltrative diseases effect the heart and lungs - what are 3 common ones

A

amylodosis
sarcodosis
hematochromatosis

41
Q

cardiopulm toxicity of cancer treatment can cause what

A

pericarditis
restrictive disease
bowel disease

cardiopulm (17 decks)

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