Exam 2 Review Flashcards
In pts with CHF, what position should be avoided to minimize the preload on a failing heart?
Supine with LE elevation
A patient who is status post surgical repair of a right hip fracture is at risk for thrombus formation, and potentially pulmonary emboli. What intervention would be best recommended to this patient following discharge home to prevent a DVT.
Regular ambulation throughout the day
What is most associated with good prognosis post MI
Small infarction size with increase in scar formation
If atherosclerosis is diagnosed in the carotid arteries, what other arteries may also be atherosclerotic secondary to the nature of the disease?
- coronary arteries
- renal arteries
- peripheral arteries
Signs and symptoms of CHF
Dyspnea on exertion
Orthopedist
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
NOT BRADYPNEA
Exam finding most likely seen in LE of a patient with a diagnosis of intermittent CLAUDICATION
Muscle atrophy
If a patient is diagnosed with the left lower extremity DVT, which of the following signs and symptoms would most likely be seen in his lower extremity?
Pitting edema and tenderness
A patient performing low-level exercise reports, angina that’s not typical of what they’ve previously experienced while doing the same level of activity. What type of angina is this?
Unstable Angina
Extreme caution must be utilized in treating a pt with CHF and an ____
Ejection fraction of 10%
47-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes. Presents with crushing chest pain that began 40 minutes ago. He also reports diaphoresis and radiation of pain into his L arm. Which lab markers is most specific in diagnosing his condition?
Troponin
Systolic heart failure
Smaller weaker muscle —> pumps less blood
Diastolic Heart Failure
Larger thicker muscle —> pumps LESS blood
R Sided Heart Failure
Edema back up in LE and system
L sided Heart Failure
Edema backup in lungs
T or F: early mobilization minimizes the risk of VTE according to the CGPs
TRUE
Which of the following is true when a valve is incompetent
It is the same as a regurgitant valve
In which New York heart association functional class is the patient only comfortable at rest
Class III
Why might someone living with heart failure decompensation?
- taking meds inconsistently
- developing anemia from poor nutrition
- eating high salt and drinking too many fluids
- an illness like pneumonia increases demand
Why are oxygen, lasix, and nitroglycerine prescribed in the ER when a pt is in heart failure
- they call decrease workload on the heart
What surgical procedure provides a mechanical assist to the heart in pumping blood?
IABP (intra-aortic)
What lab result has the highest risk for CAD and atherosclerosis
Total cholesterol 250
LDL 170
HDL 35
All three of these levels are in the RED ZONE
T or F: every 20mmHg increase of systolic BP doubles the risk of CVD
True!
Common S&S of cardiac ISCHEMIA in WOMEN
- unusual fatigue or indigestion
STEMI vs NON STEMI
A STEMI is usually from a total occlusion of an artery
