Exam 2: Wk 2: Venous Conditions

Question 1

Are arteries or veins thicker?

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

Vein assistance

Answer 2

One way valves
Smooth muscle contraction to direct blood flow

Question 3

Vein capacitance role

Answer 3

Hold 65% blood at rest

Question 4

Venous Insufficiency

Answer 4

• varicose veins
• hemosiderine staining
• phlebitis
• dependent positioning
• pain and heaviness
• itchy skin
• darkened leathery skin
• swelling

Question 5

Varicose veins

Answer 5

When one way valves become defective and the blood pools

Question 6

Phlebitis

Answer 6

Varicose veins W/ inflammation

Question 7

Interventions for VI

Answer 7

Exercise
Wound management
Compression garments
AVOID LONG PERIODS OF STANDING OR SITTING

Question 8

VTE Venous thromboembolism

Answer 8

Formation of blood clot in a vein
- can be dvt or embolus if it breaks off and travels

Question 9

DVT locations

Answer 9

Calf, thigh, pelvis

Question 10

Pulmonary embolism affects which ventricle

Answer 10

R ventricle

Question 11

Pulmonary embolism definition

Answer 11

When a dvt dislodges, travel through the venous system through the R side of the heart and blocks pulmonary circulation

Question 12

How is the DVT cascade activated?

Answer 12

When injury to blood vessels occur (like in surgery or trauma) and results in a state of hypercoagulability (5-6 wks)

Question 13

T or F: a clot can cannot progress when a patient is on anticoagulants

Answer 13

False, it can still occur and can take even longer

Question 14

Clotting Cascade - Virchows triad of thrombosis

Answer 14

Vessel wall injury —> hypercoagulability of blood —> stasis of blood

Question 15

Active cancer has a _____x risk of VTE

Answer 15

4-8x

Question 16

High risk Padua Score

Answer 16

> 4

Question 17

S & S of Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 17

• dyspnea
• chest pain
• syncope
• hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
• elevated HR >95

Question 18

What should a PT do if they suspect PE?

Answer 18

Contact nurse bc its an emergent situation and need high doses of antithombotics or anticoagulants

Question 19

S & S of DVT

Answer 19

• pitting edema
• pain, TTP
• redness and warmth
• swelling

Question 20

What score do you use when there’s ONLY signs and symptoms of DVT present

Answer 20

Wells criteria score
>3: high risk - refer for follow up!
1-2: moderate risk
<1: low risk

Question 21

Where is the patient referred to if the Wells Criteria is >2?

Answer 21

they need the D Dimer lab test (catches DVTs)

Question 22

Is it Safe to mobilize a pt with no DVT diagnosed if they are already anticoagulated and wells score is <2?

Answer 22

YES, but no contact sports are advised when pt is on anticoagulants

Question 23

How long should you wait if a DVT is found before mobilization?

Answer 23

> 5 hrs is safe to mobilize
3-5 hrs - check w/ physician
<3 hrs NO MOB

• hold until aPTT is at therapeutic dose

Question 24

Post thrombotic symptoms

Answer 24

Residual tissue damage and inflammation after a clot that leads to venous HTN and insufficiency

• edema and swelling
• skin changes
• chronic arm or leg pain
• heaviness of affected limb

Question 25

What does the Padua scale assess

Answer 25

Assesses the need for anticoagulants