Week 1 Flashcards
A form of psychology synonymous with Biological Psychology, Biopsychology, Psychobiology and Behavioral Neuroscience.
Physiological Psychology
DEFINITIONS & TYPES
A study of the physiological, evolutionary and developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience.
Biological Psychology
DEFINITIONS & TYPES
These two include much that is relevant to behavior, but goes into more detail concerning anatomy and chemistry.
Behavioral Neuroscience vs Neuroscience
DEFINITIONS & TYPES
Branch of psychology that analyzes how the brain, neurotransmitters and other aspects of our biology influence our behaviors, thoughts and feelings.
Biopsychology
_________ occurs in your brain.
You _______ everything in your brain, not in your body.
Perception; perceive
The idea that the universe consists of only one type of being.
Monism
The idea that minds are one type of substance, and matter is another.
Dualism
___________ differences are rooted in brain differences.
Behavioral
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR
Refer to intentional goals.
Commonsense Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR
Relates behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs.
Physiological Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR
Describes how something develops; comes from Greek roots meaning the origin (or genesis).
Ontogenetic Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR
Reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure or behavior.
Evolutionary Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR
Describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did.
Functional Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR | PROVIDE THE TYPE:
A particular area of a songbird brain grows under the influence of testosterone; hence, it is larger in breeding males than in females or inmature birds. The brain area enables a mature male to sing.
Physiological Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR | PROVIDE THE TYPE:
In certain species, a young male bird learns its song by listening to adult males. Development of the song requires certain genes and the opportunity to hear the appropriate song during a sensitive period early in life.
Ontogenetic Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR | PROVIDE THE TYPE:
Certain pairs of species have similar calls. For example, dunlins and Baird’s sandpipers, two shoebird species, give their calls in distinct pulses unlike other shoebirds.
The similarity suggests that the two evolved from a single ancestor.
Evolutionary Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR | PROVIDE THE TYPE:
In many bird species, only the male sings. He sings only during the reproductive season and only in his territory. The functions of the song are to attract females and warn away other males.
Functional Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR | PROVIDE THE TYPE:
Potential predators overlook a fish such as the seadragon that resembles inedible plants.
Functional Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR | PROVIDE THE TYPE:
Genetic modifications expanded smaller appendages that were present in the ancestors of the seadragon that now help it camouflage in kelp.
Evolutionary Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR | PROVIDE THE TYPE:
Unlike other birds that fill their mouths with water and raise their heads, doves and pigeons can drink with their heads down due to the nature of the birds’ nerves and throat muscles.
Physiological Explanation
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR | PROVIDE THE TYPE:
Doves and pigeons share the behavioral capacity of drinking with their heads down because they inherited their genes from a common ancestor.
Evolutionary Explanation
Which of the following would be most likely to wotk in a hospital or clinic?
A) Comparative Psychologist
B) Neuropsychologist
C) Evolutionary Psychologist
D) Behavioral Neuroscientist
B) Neuropsychologist
Of the following, which one is an example of an evolutionary explanation (as opposed to functional?)
A) Humans have a (tiny) tailbone because our ancient monkey-like ancestors had a tail.
B) People evolved a fear of snakes because many snakes are dangerous.
C) People evolved a tendency to form long-term male-female bonds because human infants benefit from the help of two parents during their long period of dependence.
D) People have evolved the ability to recognize faces because that ability is essential for cooperative social behaviors.
A) Humans have a (tiny) tailbone because our ancient monkey-like ancestors had a tail.
What is meant by monism?
A) The idea that the conscious and unconscious motivations combine to produce behavior.
B) The idea that the conscious and unconscious motivations combine to produce behavior.
C) The idea that the mind is made of the same substance as the rest of the universe.
D) The idea that all forms of life evolved from a single ancestor.
C) The idea that the mind is made of the same substance as the rest of the universe.
An ontogenetic explanation focuses on which of the following:
A) The brain mechanisms that produce a behavior.
B) The procedure that measure a behavior.
C) How a behavior develops.
D) The conscious experience that accompanies a behavior.
C) How a behavior develops.
What does a “minimalist” favor with regard to animal research?
A) A minimum of three people should review each research proposal.
B) All research should have a minimum of at least 10 animals per group.
C) Animal research is permissible but should be held to a minimum.
D) Interference with animal research should be held to a minimum.
C) Animal research is permissible but should be held to a minimum.
