M2: Week 7 - Learning, Memory, & Amnesia Flashcards
IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA
Difficulty recalling events or information that occured before onset of amnesia
Retrogade Amnesia
IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA
Temporary memory loss lasting several hours, typically not associated with long-term memory problems
Transient Global Amnesia
IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA
Difficulty forming new memories or recalling information learned since onset of amnesia
Anterogade Amnesia
IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA
Caused by traumatic brain injury, can cause difficulty recalling events before and after injury, and difficulty forming new memories
Post-Traumatic Amnesia
IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA
Caused by psychological trauma or stress, may cause difficulty recalling personal information/specific events
Dissociative Amnesia
**IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA
Inability to remember events from infancy/early childhood due to underdeveloped areas of the brain during this period.
Infantile Amnesia
IDENTIFICATION:
Known as the operant conditioning
Instrumental Conditioning
IDENTIFICATION:
The response leads to a reinforcer or punishment
Instrumental Conditioning/Operant Conditioning
IDENTIFICATION - INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING
Increases the future probability of the response
Reinforcer
IDENTIFICATION - INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING
Suppresses the frequency
Punishment
TRUE OR FALSE
In Instrumental Conditioning, the individual’s response determines the outcome
t
IDENTIFICATION:
The __________ __________ is the best or only place to search for an engram
Cerebral Cortex
IDENTIFICATION:
One nucleus of the cerebellum where learning occured
Lateral Inerpositus Nucleus
TRUE OR FALSE:
Damage to the cerebellum impairs a learned response only if the response needs to be made with precise timing
True
IDENTIFICATION:
Pairing two stimuli changes the response to one of them
Classical Conditioning
IDENTIFICATION:
Highly emotional experiences arouse the locus coeruleus which increases norepinephrine release throughout the cortex and dopamine release in the hippocampus.
Flashbulb Memories
IDENTIFICATION:
Marked by periods of forgetfulness, confusion, slow thinking and impaired concentration.
Brain Fog
IDENTIFICATION:
It increases the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
APOE4 Gene
TRUE OR FALSE:
Most people with Down Syndrome (caused by extra copy of chromosome 21,) develop Alzheimer’s disease in middle age.
t
TRUE OR FALSE:
Short Term and Long-Term Memory differ in capacity
t
IDENTIFICATION:
STM requires (1.) while LTM can be (2.)
- Rehearsal
- Reconstructed
TRUE OR FALSE:
If you forgot something in the STM, it is not lost.
FALSE; it is lost
TRUE OR FALSE:
In LTM, a hint might help you reconstruct something you thought you had forgotten.
t
TRUE OR FALSE:
Storing something in short-term memory long enough made it possible for the brain to consolidate (strengthen) it into long-term memory by building new synapses or other structural changes.
t
IDENTIFICATION:
In classical conditioning, the experimenter presents a ________ __________ that elicits no response
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
IDENTIFICATION:
After some pairings of the CS and the UCS, the individual begins making a new response to the CS called _____?
CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR)
TRUE OR FALSE:
Conditioned Stimulus and Uncontrolled Response occur at certain times regardless of the individual’s behavior.
t
IDENTIFICATION:
It automatically elicits the Uncontrolled Response
Unconditioned Stimulus
IDENTIFICATION:
the physical representation of what has been learned.
Engram
TRUE OR FALSE:
Some types of learning did not depend on connections across the cortex.
t
IDENTIFICATION:
are complex tasks in which a rat attends to visual and tactile stimuli.
Maze Learning and Visual Discrimination Learning
IDENTIFICATION:
Alzheimer’s are linked to an increase to two brain chemicals called ____?
B-Amyloid and Tau Protein
IDENTIFICATION:
It is a universal experience that older children and adults remember little of what happened in their first few years.
Infant Amnesia
TRUE OR FALSE:
Infant Amnesia is NOT a disorder
t
TRUE OR FALSE:
Rapid formation of new neurons in the infant hippocampus facilitates new learning but that the cost of increasing forgetting
t
IDENTIFICATION:
Who is the proponent of LATERAL INERPOSITUS NUCLEUS
Richard Thompson
IDENTIFICATION:
Most common cause of severe memory loss
Alzheimer’s Disease
