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GI Anatomy > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When does the primordial gut tube develop?

A

The fourth week of human development.

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2
Q

what is the primordial gut tube derived from?

A

endoderm lining the yolk sac

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3
Q

the primordial gut tube is divided into which three parts?

A

forgeut, midgut and hindgut

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4
Q

del

A

del

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5
Q

how long is the oesophagus?

A

25cm

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6
Q

what are the three oesophagus constrictions?

A

cervical
thoracic
diaphragmatic

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7
Q

describe the cervical (pharyngo-oesophageal) constriciton

A

15cm from incisor teeth

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8
Q

describe the diaphragmatic oesophagus constriciton?

A

where it passes through the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm - 40cm from incisor teeth

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9
Q

label this stomach

A
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10
Q

what are the parts of the stomach?

A

cardia
fundus
body
pyloric part

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11
Q

what are the curvatures of the stomach called?

A

lesser and greater curvatures

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12
Q

what is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

A

controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

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13
Q

what do bile ducts do?

A

carry bile from the liver to gallbladder

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14
Q

how much bile can the gallbladder store?

A

up to 50ml

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15
Q

describe the artery of the gallbladder?

A

Cystic artery is a branch of right hepatic artery and lies in the triangle of calot (triangle between common hepatic duct and visceral surface of the liver).

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16
Q

describe the exocrine and endocrine function of the pancreas in digestion

A

exocrine- pancreatic juice.
endocrine- insulin and glucagon.

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17
Q

what plane does the pancreas lie along?

A

the transpyloric plane (LI/L2)

18
Q

WHAT IS THE FOREGUT BLOOD SUPPLY COMPOSED OF? and what are its branches and their areas of supply?

A

CELIAC TRUNK BRANCHES:
1) left gastic artery - runs along lesser curvature of the stomach
2) hepatic artery - supplies liver and gallbladder
3) splenic artery - supplies head of pancreas and spleen.

19
Q

midgut structures

A

small intestine, including most of duodenum.
cecum
appendic
ascending colon
right half to two-thirds of the transverse colon

20
Q

describe the duodenum

A

shortest, widest and most fixed part of small intestine.
its second part receives bile duct and pancreatic duct

21
Q

what causes a duodenal ulcer?

A

inflammatory erosions of the duodenal wall (mostly 1st part)

22
Q

describe the blood supply of the midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery (L1)

main branches: jejunal and ileal arteries

other branches: middle colic, right colic and iliocolic

23
Q

what structures compose the hindgut?

A

left one-thirs of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal

epithelium of the urinary bladder and most of the urethra

inferior mesenteric artery

24
Q

del

25
Q

what is macburney’s point?

A

site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicities.

26
Q

what artery supplies the hindgut? what vertebral level does it originate? and what are its branches?

A

inferior mesenteric artery (L3)

BRANCHES: left colic, sigmoid arteries and superior rectal artery.

27
Q

what is the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery called?

A

superior rectal artery

28
Q

what nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to the abdominal organs?

A

vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2, S3 & S4).

29
Q

describe the sympathetic (T5-L2 OR L4) innvervation of abdominal organs

A

abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves (greater T5-T9, lesser T10-T11, and least T12).

PARAVERTEBRAL SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA

abdominal aortic plexus

30
Q

what vein allows drainage of abdominal GI tract

A

portal vein

31
Q

portal vein function

A

transport venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gall bladder and abdmonal part of the GI tract

32
Q

how is the portal vein formed?

A

by the union of splenic vein with the superior mesenteric vein.

33
Q

where is the portal vein located?

A

Behing the neck of pancreas (L2 vertebral level

34
Q

what are portocaval shunts?

A

venous enlargements (varices) during portal obstruction

35
Q

what portocaval shunt occurs in the anorectal junction?

A

haemorrhoids

36
Q

what portocaval shunt occurs in the gastroeosophageal junction?

A

eosophageal varices

37
Q

what portocaval shunt occurs at the umbilicus?

A

caput medusae

38
Q

describe the lymphatic drainage of GI tract/abdomen

A

thoracic duct recieves most of the lymph from abdominal walls and abdominal organs

39
Q

at which vertebral levels does the oesophagus begin and end

A

It originates at the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6) and extends to the cardiac orifice of the stomach (T11).

40
Q

oesophageal constriction acronym

A

ABCD
arch of aorta
bronchus (left main stem)
cricoid cartilage
diaphragmatic hiatus

41
Q

Label this A-F

A

A= DIAPHRAGM
B= LEFT SUPRARENAL GLAND
C= LEFT RENAL VEIN
D= IVC
E= ABDOMINAL AORTA
F= LEFT KIDNEY

GI Anatomy (19 decks)

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