Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
in which direction do the external oblique fibres run?
inferomedially
what is the action of the external oblique muscles?
flexion and rotation of trunk
what is the innervation of the external oblique muscles?
anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves
what is the orientation of internal oblique muscle fibres?
superomedially
perpendicular to external oblique
what is the action of the internal oblique muscles?
flexion and rotation of trunk
what is the innervation of the internal obliques?
anterior rami of T7-T11 spinal nerves and first lumbar nerve.
what is the orientation of the transversus abdominis muscle fibres?
horizontally
what is the action of the transversus abdominis muscle?th
compresses and supports abdominal viscera
what is the innervation of the transversus abdominis muscle?
anterior rami of T7-T11 spinal nerves and first lumbar nerve.
what is the orientation of the rectus abdominis muscle fibres?
vertical
what is the action of the rectus abdominis muscle?
flexion of trunk and compression of abdominal viscera
what is the innervation of the rectus abdominis muscle?
anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves
the rectus sheath is formed from the aponeurosis of which three muscles from superficial to deep?
- external obliques
- internal obliques
- transverse abdominis
which muscles lie within the rectus sheath?
- rectus abdominis
- pyramidalis muscles
which vertical line of connective tissue lies in the centre of the rectus sheath?
linea alba
what is the line called where the posterior layer of the rectus sheath ends?
arcuate line
where do the superior epigastric arteries arise from?
internal thoracic artery
where do the superior epigastric veins drain to?
internal thoracic vein
where do the inferior epigastric veins arise from?
external iliac vein
where do the inferior epigastric veins drain to?
external iliac vein
dilation of superficial epigastric veins secondary to portal hypertension may cause?
caput medusae
above the umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to the
axillary lymph nodes
below the umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to the
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
what is the origin and attachment of the inguinal ligament?
originates at anterior superior iliac spine and attached to te pubic tubercle.
the inguinal ligament is formed from the aponeurosis of which muscle?
external oblique
the superficial inguinal ring is a break in the aponeurosis of what muscle layer?
external oblique
what anatomical point is used surgically to determine the location of the superficial inguinal ring?
midinguinal point (femoral artery)
where is the deep inguinal ring in relation to the pubic tubercle?
superolateral
the deep inguinal ring is an oval shaped opening in which muscle layers fascia?
transversalis fascia
del
del
what is the content of the inguinal canal in males?
spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve
blood and lymphatics
what is the contents of the inguinal canal in females?
round ligament
ilioinguinal nerve
blood and lymphatics
describe an indirect inguinal hernia
- most common
- results from a congenital weakness in the deep inguinal ring, allowing abdominal contents to enter into the inguinal canal lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and even out of the superficial inguinal ring.
describe a direct inguinal hernia
- 1/3 of all inguinal hernias
- abdominal contents do not pass through deep inguinal ring, but simply push through a weak spot in the muscles making up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, allowing contents to enter the canal and again, even pass through the superficial inguinal ring.
describe femoral hernias
occur bellow the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents pass into the weak area at the posterior wall of the femoral canal medial to the inferior epigastric vessels.
describe umbilical hernias
occur when abdominal contents pass through a weakness at the site of the umbilical cord through the abdominal wall.
