Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

in which direction do the external oblique fibres run?

Answer 1

inferomedially

Question 2

what is the action of the external oblique muscles?

Answer 2

flexion and rotation of trunk

Question 3

what is the innervation of the external oblique muscles?

Answer 3

anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves

Question 4

what is the orientation of internal oblique muscle fibres?

Answer 4

superomedially
perpendicular to external oblique

Question 5

what is the action of the internal oblique muscles?

Answer 5

flexion and rotation of trunk

Question 6

what is the innervation of the internal obliques?

Answer 6

anterior rami of T7-T11 spinal nerves and first lumbar nerve.

Question 7

what is the orientation of the transversus abdominis muscle fibres?

Answer 7

horizontally

Question 8

what is the action of the transversus abdominis muscle?th

Answer 8

compresses and supports abdominal viscera

Question 9

what is the innervation of the transversus abdominis muscle?

Answer 9

anterior rami of T7-T11 spinal nerves and first lumbar nerve.

Question 10

what is the orientation of the rectus abdominis muscle fibres?

Answer 10

vertical

Question 11

what is the action of the rectus abdominis muscle?

Answer 11

flexion of trunk and compression of abdominal viscera

Question 12

what is the innervation of the rectus abdominis muscle?

Answer 12

anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves

Question 13

the rectus sheath is formed from the aponeurosis of which three muscles from superficial to deep?

Answer 13

1. external obliques
2. internal obliques
3. transverse abdominis

Question 14

which muscles lie within the rectus sheath?

Answer 14

1. rectus abdominis
2. pyramidalis muscles

Question 15

which vertical line of connective tissue lies in the centre of the rectus sheath?

Answer 15

linea alba

Question 16

what is the line called where the posterior layer of the rectus sheath ends?

Answer 16

arcuate line

Question 17

where do the superior epigastric arteries arise from?

Answer 17

internal thoracic artery

Question 18

where do the superior epigastric veins drain to?

Answer 18

internal thoracic vein

Question 19

where do the inferior epigastric veins arise from?

Answer 19

external iliac vein

Question 20

where do the inferior epigastric veins drain to?

Answer 20

external iliac vein

Question 21

dilation of superficial epigastric veins secondary to portal hypertension may cause?

Answer 21

caput medusae

Question 22

above the umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to the

Answer 22

axillary lymph nodes

Question 23

below the umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to the

Answer 23

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 24

what is the origin and attachment of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 24

originates at anterior superior iliac spine and attached to te pubic tubercle.

Question 25

the inguinal ligament is formed from the aponeurosis of which muscle?

Answer 25

external oblique

Question 26

the superficial inguinal ring is a break in the aponeurosis of what muscle layer?

Answer 26

external oblique

Question 27

what anatomical point is used surgically to determine the location of the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 27

midinguinal point (femoral artery)

Question 28

where is the deep inguinal ring in relation to the pubic tubercle?

Answer 28

superolateral

Question 29

the deep inguinal ring is an oval shaped opening in which muscle layers fascia?

Answer 29

transversalis fascia

Question 30

del

Answer 30

del

Question 31

what is the content of the inguinal canal in males?

Answer 31

spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve
blood and lymphatics

Question 32

what is the contents of the inguinal canal in females?

Answer 32

round ligament
ilioinguinal nerve
blood and lymphatics

Question 33

describe an indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 33

• most common
• results from a congenital weakness in the deep inguinal ring, allowing abdominal contents to enter into the inguinal canal lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and even out of the superficial inguinal ring.

Question 34

describe a direct inguinal hernia

Answer 34

• 1/3 of all inguinal hernias
• abdominal contents do not pass through deep inguinal ring, but simply push through a weak spot in the muscles making up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, allowing contents to enter the canal and again, even pass through the superficial inguinal ring.

Question 35

describe femoral hernias

Answer 35

occur bellow the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents pass into the weak area at the posterior wall of the femoral canal medial to the inferior epigastric vessels.

Question 36

describe umbilical hernias

Answer 36

occur when abdominal contents pass through a weakness at the site of the umbilical cord through the abdominal wall.