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GI Anatomy > The Foregut > Flashcards

The Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

where does the foregut run from and to?

A

runs from oesophagus to the major duodenal papilla.

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2
Q

what are the 3 oesophageal constrictions called?

A
  • cervical.
  • thoracic.
  • diaphragmatic.
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3
Q

in which mediastinum is the oesophagus located?

A

superior mediastinum

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4
Q

at which vertebral level is the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

T10

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5
Q

what are the other structures which pass through the diaphragm at the oesophageal opening?

A
  • oesophagus
  • left vagus nerve
  • right vagus nerve
  • small oesophageal arteries
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6
Q

what is the blood supply of the abdominal oesophagus?

A
  • left gastric artery
  • inferior phrenic artery
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7
Q

what is the venous drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?

A
  • portal system via left gastric vein
  • systemic via azygous vein
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8
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?

A

left gastric lymph nodes

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9
Q

the lesser omentum extends from the … to the…

A

lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

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10
Q

th greater omentum extends from the… to the…

A

greater curvature of stomach to anterior surface of transverse colon.

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11
Q

the pyloric sphincter is formed from the thickening of which layer of gut tube?

A

muscularis externa

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12
Q

what are the gastric folds/rugae formed from?

A

layers of mucosa and submucosa

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13
Q

in which parts of the stomach are the rugae most apparent?

A

body
pylorus

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14
Q

name the three branches of the coeliac trunk

A
  • splenic a
  • common hepatic a
  • left gastric a
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15
Q

label the arteries

A

unlabelled = right gastric artery

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16
Q

what are the four main veins draining the stomach? and what do they drain into?

A
  • left gastric vein > hepatic portal vein.
  • right gastric vein > hepatic portal vein.
  • left gastro-omental vein > splenic vein > hepatic portal vein.
  • right gastro-omental vein > superior mesenteric vein > hepatic portal vein.
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17
Q

all the lymph nodes of the stomach drain to which central group of nodes?

A

gastric lymph nodes drain into coeliac group

18
Q

describe the parasympathetic nerve supply of the stomach

A
  • anterior and posterior vagal trunks.
19
Q

describe the sympathetic nerve supply of the stomach

A

T6-T9 spinal cord segments via the greater splanchnic nerve.

20
Q

what is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on the pylorus and on gastric secretion?

A
  • pylorus > relaxation of pylorus.
  • gastric secretion > increased.
21
Q

how many parts does the duodenum have?

A

4

22
Q

what organ sits within the C shape of the duodenum?

A

pancreas

23
Q

how is the duodenum peritonised?

A

D1 is intraperitoneal whereas D2-D4 are retro.

24
Q

what is the small opening in the duodenum where pancreatic and bile fluids enter the gut tube called?

A

major duodenal papilla

25
Q

what two structures come together at the major duodenal papilla? and what does this form?

A
  • common bile duct
  • pancreatic duct
  • ampulla of Vater
26
Q

what is the sphincter that controls the opening of the major duodenal papilla called?

A

sphincter of Oddi

27
Q

the extrahepatic biliary apparatus consists of what?

A
  • cystic duct
  • common hepatic duct
  • common bile duct
  • pancreatic duct
  • gallbladder
28
Q

label the biliary apparatus

A
29
Q

where is bile produced?

A

liver

30
Q
A
31
Q

where is bile stored and concentrated?

A

gallbladder

32
Q

where does bile enter the gut tube?

A

major duodenal papilla

33
Q

what is the function of bile?

A

digestion and emulsification of fat

34
Q

what structure enters the minor duodenal papilla?

A

accessory pancreatic duct

35
Q

how is the pancreas peritonised?

A

retroperitoneal except for the tail

36
Q

which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

A

splenic vein and SMV join to form the hepatic portal vein

37
Q

how is the spleen peritonised?

A

intraperitoneal

38
Q

in which region of the abdominal cavity is the spleen located?

A

left hypochondriac region

39
Q

does the spleen move with respiration?

A

no

40
Q

name the structures in the hilum of the spleen

A

splenic artery
splenic vein
lymph and nerves

41
Q

the tail of which organ is closely related to the hilum of the spleen?

A

pancreas

42
Q

what are the functions of the spleen?

A

storgae of RBCs
blood filter
immune response
phagocytosis

GI Anatomy (19 decks)

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